SAMOA LANDS AND TITLES – A SUSTAINABLE FRAMEWORK FROM A MARKETERS VIEW

Аннотация

INTRODUCTION these countries be able to sustain their own A lot of questions have been raised since the economy? Today, the Pacific Island Countries and appearance of COVID-19. Not only questions were Territories (PICTs) are struggling to make sure led to what challenges are now being faced by the that COVID-19 does not change into a health crisis. global economy but also what impact does that In fact with respect, COVID-19 has already reached have on local economies as well. And whether 21 countries and territories of the region, more as COVID-19 gets cured or worsened up, the main a set of social, economic and food security issues focus question should be, would we be able to than as a health crisis. The measures adopted to sustain development. Of course, if there would be alleviate this was practiced by starting restrictions a cure to COVID-19, there will still be sometime or on the movement of people within and among gap for convalesce. But for the worst case scenario, countries, have tended to cause severe impacts on if all bonds of international trade and distribution their tourism industries, remittances, and seize completely, would countries of dependency, international trade. Most of these PICTs are food such as third world countries and developing import and remittance dependent economies nations be able to survive on their own? Would (Connell, 2013), and many are heavily reliant on they be able to provide for the resources needed income from tourism (e.g. Fiji, French Polynesia, for basic economic survival? And basically, would New Caledonia, Palau, Samoa) (Wood, 2020). The https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajmei 73 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS INNOVATIONS (ISSN- 2693-0811) VOLUME 06 ISSUE12 interruption of tourism is expected to result in threaten economies and societies. In the last substantial losses to economies – forecast month, for example, Tropical Cyclone Harold scenarios in the range of US$1–2 billion regionally swept through Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Tonga, (Pacific Community, 2020). Such losses are and Fiji in the midst of COVID-19 mitigation realized across many parts of national economies, preparations, destroying houses and crops. The including unemployment, business failure, and confluence of the cyclone and COVID-19 led to a changed patterns in the production and tragic loss of life in the sea off the island of Malaita distribution of food. In addition, reliance on in Solomon Islands, as people travelled to their remittances is also high across 11 PICTs, funds home villages from the capital (Kaukui, 2020). transferred from overseas kin account for an The Traditional Samoan way average of 9.7% of GDP (Pacific Community, 2020). Hunting and fishing for fresh food in the early Some countries have already experienced history of Samoan life is all about having a substantial falls in remittances since the COVID-19 “subsistence abundance” for food consumption outbreak (Graue, 2020). National food systems in (Thaman, 1982). Before Samoa became an the Pacific region share attributes with those in independent state, Samoan people mostly ate food other Small Island Developing States (SIDS). Much they produced themselves from cultivated land or of their fragility is due to geographic remoteness, fishing at sea, such as, taro, bananas, yams, growing import dependence, and in many places, breadfruits, poultry and other birds, cattle, pigs limited arable land and declining agriculture and fish and other sea foods. The traditional daily production. The region experienced a dramatic Samoan meal consists of a staple dish (chicken or decline in per capita domestic crop production up other birds, fish or other sea foods, pork and beef to themid-1990s, which has not been recovered. with a source of starchy serving (taro, yam, Staple foods, particularly rice and wheat, account breadfruit) to consume the main dish with, with for much of the volume of food imported to the the addition of the lu’au or spinach (coconut cream region, but nutrient dense and sugary food and enfolded in green taro and with heated banana and beverages are also rising markedly. These trends breadfruit leaves as its outside covering and then in the availability of foods over the past half baked in the traditional ground oven). There were century (Thaman 1982) are reflected in diets only two meals allocations a day. The first meal is which have shifted from being high in locally usually served in the late morning which comprise grown fresh fruits and vegetables, seeds and nuts, of the leftover food from the previous evening lean meat and seafood, to diets high in processed meal. The second meal serving is served in the and often imported foods (Thow et al., 2011). evening, usually after their evening worship or Consequently, the triple burden of malnutrition1 is prayer with the whole family. In the traditional a large and growing issue in the region (Global Samoan family setting, th