CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO DIAGNOSING AND TREATING PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AND MALIGNANT TUMORS

Аннотация

The coexistence of malignant tumors and pulmonary tuberculosis significantly complicates diagnosis and treatment, leading to increased morbidity and mortality rates. Effective management of these comorbid conditions requires a comprehensive approach involving modern diagnostic and treatment methods. This article explores the clinical features of malignant tumors and pulmonary tuberculosis co-occurrence, challenges in accurate diagnosis, and the latest diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. It provides recommendations for healthcare professionals to identify and treat these diseases effectively. A retrospective analysis of clinical data from 150 patients revealed that 68% had lung cancer, 22% had gastrointestinal cancers, and 10% had breast cancer in conjunction with pulmonary tuberculosis. The study aims to improve practical skills in the early detection, accurate diagnosis, and successful management of these comorbid conditions. Keywords - Malignant tumors - Pulmonary tuberculosis - Comorbidity - Diagnosis challenges - Clinical features - Treatment Relevance Malignant tumors (MT) and pulmonary tuberculosis (PT) are among the most critical health issues globally, characterized by high mortality rates and treatment challenges. The comorbidity of these diseases, i.e., their simultaneous occurrence, presents a complex and pressing issue in clinical practice. Immunosuppression caused by MT predisposes patients to PT, complicating the clinical course of both diseases and posing significant difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. 62 SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMY International scientific-online conference Globally, cancer remains one of the leading causes of death, with an estimated 10 million deaths in 2023. Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer, accounting for 1.8 million deaths annually. Tuberculosis also remains a significant health challenge, with 1.5 million deaths reported in 2023. Patients with MT are more susceptible to developing PT due to weakened immune systems, increasing morbidity and mortality rates and complicating clinical diagnosis due to overlapping symptoms and increased risk of complications. In a retrospective study of 150 patients with comorbid MT and PT, 68% had lung cancer, 22% had gastrointestinal cancers, and 10% had breast cancer in conjunction with pulmonary tuberculosis. The simultaneous occurrence of these diseases leads to significant diagnostic challenges due to overlapping clinical features and radiological findings. Therefore, comprehensive clinical, laboratory, and instrumental studies are necessary to ensure accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. This research is highly relevant to healthcare professionals in understanding the interaction between malignant tumors and tuberculosis, enabling them to devise effective diagnostic and treatment strategies. It will enhance clinicians' ability to detect, diagnose, and manage these diseases effectively. Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of the comorbid occurrence of malignant tumors and pulmonary tuberculosis, identify diagnostic challenges, and develop effective diagnostic and treatment methods.