TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PREVENTIVE DIPLOMACY IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Аннотация

INTRODUCTION of them is not a lack of information, analytical skills Although the roots of international relations date or ideas about possible UN initiatives, but the back to ancient times, the concept of diplomacy unwillingness of one or the other side of the conflict was first introduced as a formalized practice in to receive assistance from the UN. Every year, in his 1645 [1]. annual report, the Secretary-General emphasizes The term “preventive diplomacy” was first used by the importance of preventive diplomacy and the United Nations during the Cold War. In the late peacekeeping. In 1996, Boutros Boutros-Ghali 1950s and early 1960s, Secretary-General Dag announced that he was in favor of replacing the Hammarskjöld began using the phrase to describe term “preventive diplomacy” with the term the organization’s tasks in the context of a bipolar “preventive action” to include not only diplomatic world. In 1995, on the occasion of the UN’s 50th measures, but also preventive deployment, anniversary, Boutros Boutros-Ghali presented a disarmament, humanitarian action, and supplement to the “Agenda for Peace.” He spoke peacebuilding [2]. about the challenges of preventive diplomacy and THE MAIN FINDINGS AND RESULTS peacekeeping, and said he had created a Political Affairs Department to monitor political processes The legal framework for the implementation of around the world to provide early warning of prevention in conflict escalation or prevention impending conflicts. But, according to him, such processes is reflected in the United Nations efforts face serious obstacles. The most important Charter. Preventive missions are more effective https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajmei 41 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS INNOVATIONS (ISSN- 2693-0811) VOLUME 06 ISSUE10 than post-conflict measures. Peace is a common economic and political contradictions, the value and a basic condition for the existence of any consequences of the collapse of totalitarian state. In the past, every country considered regimes, as well as the costs and difficulties of survival and establishing peace as an important social changes [6]. category of state management. The situation in this After the historic meeting of the United Nations field has changed significantly today [3]. Security Council on January 31, 1992, for the first The United Nations has long been involved in time, when its members were held at the level of conflict prevention, but its effectiveness could be heads of state and government, the process of enhanced with adequate funding and better gradual institutionalization and legitimization of organization. Tools for conflict prevention preventive diplomacy in UN resolutions and mentioned by the Secretary-General include documents began, although until now it has been preventive diplomacy, the preventive deployment occasionally ignored in academic research is of military or civilian police forces, preventive increasingly cited as one of many options for humanitarian intervention, and preventive conflict prevention. A number of structures of the peacebuilding—defined as “large-scale political United Nations Organization began not only to and socio-economic activities to support fragile officially engage in preventive work, but they states or rebuild devastated ones.” Preventive gradually rose to the level of main tasks in the diplomacy can be conducted by the Secretary- official UN strategy. It was believed that the main General, senior officials, specialized agencies and rules of preventive diplomacy can be implemented programs, as well as regional organizations, in by the UN Secretary General or his personal cooperation with the Security Council, the General representatives specially appointed by him [7]. Assembly, and the broader United Nations system The concept of preventive diplomacy was further [4]. developed in the works of former UN Secretary According to the “Agenda for Peace”, the operations General K. Annan. K. Annan paid attention to of the United Nations in crisis areas were usually preventive diplomacy in his report on the activities carried out after the beginning of the conflict. For of the UN in 2000. He stated that his “central example, in the event of a national crisis, objective is to ensure that early warning and preventive deployment may be carried out at the conflict prevention become the daily work of the request or with the consent of the government or United Nations both at headquarters and in the all interested parties. In the event of an interstate field” [8]. The lack of a sense of interests and conflict, such a deployment can be made when both requests in people leads not only to disintegration, countries believe that a United Nations presence on but also to the emergence of new hidden sources of either side of their borders can help prevent conflict, because they create a sense of futility, hostilities. Additionally, if a country perceives a internal anx