Experience of foreign countries in improving the mechanism of sustainable development of small entrepreneurship

Аннотация

The article deals with the development of small business based on the experience of foreign countries, given offers and recommendations for improving the mechanism of sustainable small business in our country using the latest technologies and economic development strategies. Keywords: sustainable development, small entrepreneurship, foreign experience, innovation, investment. In 21st century, the approaches and principles to support sustainable development of small business by states have significantly changed. It creates and implements economic mechanisms depending on sustainable development of small business in the countries, general situation, as well as international, economic, regional and other conditions. Successful tasks in France, Sweden, Brazil, China, USA, Germany, Italy, Finland and Japan have been studied according to the main and international experience in sustainable development of economic activity in small business. Brazilian government support for sustainable development of small businesses was formed and this strategy was based on introduction of import substitution plans. If the imported products are not produced in Brazil, the right to bring these industrial products into state territory was provided. These measures, which were actively used in the 1960s and 1980s, helped prevent many Brazilian manufacturers from going into crisis and created the basis for the development of scientific research and experimental design work. In the early 2000s, Brazil sustainable development strategy focused on ensuring competitiveness in key industrial sectors, the growth of emerging industrial technologies, and promoting the export of value-added products. The country implemented projects on the basis of state program “Innovative Brazil and strong industry” in priority directions: medicine, industrial and technical products, nanotechnology, development of biotechnology projects, use of renewable energy sources. 50 Иқтисодиётни рақамлаштириш шароитида қулай ишбилармонлик муҳитини ривожлантириш йўналишлари In 2008, Brazil approved “Manufacturing Development Policy” for investment projects aimed at sustainable development of small businesses. The program included the following areas covering strategic sectors: health care, nuclear energy, defense, nanotechnology and biotechnology. In order to strengthen its position in the world market, the funds of National Bank of Economic and Social Development were directed to investment projects of metallurgy, aviation construction, paper industries, petrochemical and food industries. The procedure for using credit funds for small industrial enterprises has been simplified. These measures, as well as tax exemptions on wages and government purchases, made it possible to mitigate the effects of the 2008 global financial crisis. “Sustainable Development of Industry” plan, launched in 2012, created mainly conditions for providing tax incentives, anti-dumping measures and financing sources and guarantees for exporters. With the help of various programs, the state supports sustainable development of small businesses and export projects. On the basis of special conditions, production guarantees and loans to large companies and small enterprises for financing the production of export goods, taking into account up to 75-100 percent of required amount, have been provided for a period of 30 months. Another program aims to provide export credits at reduced rates for importers of Brazilian products. However, as a result of the analyzes of the World Trade Organization, restrictions were placed on this program regarding legality of the use of such subsidies. Starting from 2020, the promotion of investment projects in industry has become particularly important, which has been reduced to 15% from the highest in the world in 1999, when bank interest rates reached 45%. For sustainable development of German small business, a banking system focused on long-term lending has begun to be created. Only for the purpose of sustainable development of small business, state banks were established to finance investment projects. Since the 1960s, government support has been mainly focused on the development of scientific and industrial research. Starting from the mid-1970s, one of priority directions of investment projects in Germany was implementation of scientific research and experimental design works in state institutions. The main attention was paid to development and introduction of scientific research and experimental design work in sustainable development of industrial sectors. In addition to development institutions, investment projects focused on scientific research and experimental construction work were encouraged on the basis of tax incentives and public-private partnership tools. Since the mid-1990s, priorities of Germany have changed and have been revised in order to develop investment projects aimed at increasing the energy efficiency of production, developing the use of renewable