КРИПТОВАЛЮТЫ: ПРИРОДА, ВИДЫ И НОРМАТИВНОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ

Аннотация

This article explores the economic nature of cryptocurrencies, develops a new classification for them and defines the main directions of regulating their turnover. The issue of cryptocurrencies is the subject of discussion in modern international organizations such as the IMF, the World Bank, the Group of Seven, the Group of Twenty, the WTO, the OECD, the BIS, the SPS and others. The article examines the current discussion of cryptocurrencies in international organizations, analyzes various approaches to their interpretation and classification, and proposes a new author's interpretation and classification. As a result of the study, the main economic features of various types of cryptocurrencies were identified, on the basis of which the main directions of regulating their turnover at the international level and in developed countries, including Uzbekistan, were determined. The study was conducted using system-functional and system-structural methods. The study concluded that international organizations are actively working to develop recommendations and principles for regulating transactions with cryptocurrencies and global stablecoins, as well as overseeing their issuers, unifying taxation and combating illegal transactions with crypto assets. The study showed that crypto assets are private assets that store values or rights in electronic form in a secure cryptographically distributed registry. They can be used for payments, savings, investments, or access to certain goods, services, or platforms. According to the new classification, crypto assets are divided into virtual currencies and digital tokens. Virtual currencies perform the functions of payments and savings, while digital tokens can be investment or utilitarian. Stablecoins differ from cryptocurrencies in that they are linked to low-volatility assets to stabilize their exchange rate, and also have an identifiable issuer. Digital tokens can be investment or utilitarian, providing economic rights or access to certain services and functionality.