YOG’OCHGA ISHLOV BERUVCHI LAZER DASTGOHINING FOKUSLASH MASOFASINI AVTOMATLASHTIRISH VA TAKOMILLASHTIRISHGA QARATILGAN CHORA TADBIRLAR

Аннотация

Laser machines are among the high-tech devices widely used today in industry, craftsmanship, and design fields. They allow precise processing of wood, metal, plastic, glass, leather, and many other materials. Engineers, designers, 218 “JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN UZBEKISTAN” JURNALI VOLUME 03, ISSUE 05, 2025. MAY ResearchBib Impact Factor: 9.654/2024 ISSN 2992-8869 manufacturers, and artisans mainly use laser machines for processes such as cutting, engraving, and drilling. Laser machines are especially important in areas that require high precision and speed. For example, in the electronics industry, they are used to create complex patterns and microcircuits, while in the automotive industry, they are applied for cutting and marking spare parts. Artisans can also create unique products from wood and acrylic using laser processing. The widespread use of laser machines has made them an essential tool in many fields. This technology helps to ease human labor, improve product quality, and automate manufacturing processes. Therefore, laser machines play a crucial role in industry and are becoming an integral part of technological progress. This article highlights the automation process of laser machines, particularly technological solutions for automating the focusing system. Modern laser machines provide high-precision processing of various materials, but in order to improve quality and efficiency, automating the focusing process is highly important. Proper adjustment of the focus ensures the laser beam is optimally directed to the surface of the material, which directly affects the quality of cutting, engraving, and other processing operations. The article discusses the working principle of the automatic focusing system, its interaction with the electric drives of the laser machine, and its impact on overall performance. Keywords: Laser machines, technology, quality, automation, focusing, efficiency, electric drives. Kirish. Maqolada avtomatik fokuslash tizimining ishlash prinsipi, uning lazer stanogining elektr yuritmalari bilan o‘zaro aloqasi va samaradorlikka ta’siri muhokama qilinadi. Shuningdek, Ruida kontrolleridan foydalanib, avtomatik fokuslash mexanizmini boshqarish, lazer linzalari balandligini sozlash uchun а stanoklarini avtomatlashtirish va samarali boshqarish bo‘yicha to‘liq qo‘llanma bo‘lib xizmat qiladi. Mazkur loyiha doirasida lazer stanogining fokuslash masofasi avtomatik tarzda sozlanadigan qilib modernizatsiya qilindi. Bu esa materialga nisbatan optimal fokusni doimiy ushlab turishga imkon beradi va kesish sifatini hamda aniqligini sezilarli darajada oshiradi. Asosiy qism. Fokuslashning to‘g‘ri sozlanishi lazer nuri material sirtiga optimal yo‘naltirilishini ta’minlaydi va bu kesish, gravirovka hamda boshqa ishlov berish jarayonlarining sifatiga bevosita ta’sir qiladi. Ilmiy ishimizda avtomatik fokuslash tizimining ishlash prinsipi, uning lazer stanogining elektr yuritmalari bilan o‘zaro aloqasi va samaradorlikka ta’siri muhokama qilinadi. Shuningdek, Ruida 219 “JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN UZBEKISTAN” JURNALI VOLUME 03, ISSUE 05, 2025. MAY ResearchBib Impact Factor: 9.654/2024 ISSN 2992-8869 (RD) kontrolleridan foydalanib, avtomatik fokuslash mexanizmini boshqarish, lazer linzalari balandligini sozlash uchun servomotorlar va sensorlardan foydalanish, material qalinligini avtomatik aniqlash kabi muhim jihatlar ham ko‘rib chiqiladi. Fokuslashni avtomatlashtirish orqali inson aralashuvini minimallashtirish, ishlov berish jarayonini tezlashtirish va material isrofini kamaytirish mumkin. Bundan tashqari, maqolada lazer stanoklarining xavfsizlik tizimlari, energiyani tejash usullari va avtomatlashtirilgan tizimlarning uzoq muddatli barqaror ishlashi bo‘yicha yechimlar ham tahlil qilinadi. Ushbu maqola lazer stanoklarini avtomatlashtirish va samarali boshqarish bo‘yicha to‘liq qo‘llanma bo‘lib xizmat qiladi. Usullar. Mazkur tizimda lazer stanogining fokuslash masofasini avtomatlashtirish uchun quyidagi usullar qo‘llanildi: Masofa o‘lchovchi sensor o‘rnatish: Lazer boshiga yuqori aniqlikdagi ultratovushli yoki lazerli sensor o‘rnatildi. Bu sensor material bilan lazer orasidagi masofani real vaqt rejimida o‘lchaydi. Ma’lumotlarni qayta ishlash: O‘lchangan masofa qiymatlari mikrokontroller (yoki PLC) orqali qayta ishlanadi. Dastur orqali kerakli fokus masofasi bilan taqqoslab, farq aniqlanadi. Avtomatik boshqaruv mexanizmi: Aniqlangan farq asosida lazer boshining vertikal harakatini ta'minlovchi aktuator motor avtomatik ravishda ishga tushiriladi. Bu orqali fokus masofasi doimo optimal holatda saqlanadi. Tizimni sinxronlashtirish: Sensor, mikrokontroller va aktuator o‘zaro sinxron ishlashi uchun dasturiy ta'minot ishlab chiqildi. Tizim real vaqt rejimida ishlaydi. 220 “JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN UZBEKISTAN” JURNALI VOLUME 03, ISSUE 05, 2025. MAY ResearchBib Impact Factor: 9.654/2024 ISSN 2992-8869 1-rasm. Avtomatlashtirilgan lazerli stanokning fokuslash maso