THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE ANALYSIS OF TERMINOLOGY AND TERMS SYSTEM

Аннотация

“The initial motivation for the study of terminology was both spontaneous, like the motivation for technology, and theoretical, like the motivation behind the birth of science. During the simultaneous expansion of knowledge and the growth of technology and communications in the eighteenth century, terminology was seen as a necessary tool for overcoming some of the difficulties associated with these multiple developments. Only in the twentieth century has terminology acquired a scientific orientation while at the same time being recognized as a socially important activity.1” Key words: Terminology, terms system, diachronic approach, synchronic approach Introduction: “Terminology, the discipline concerned with the study and compilation of specialized terms is not a new field of study, but only in recent decades has it been systematically developed, with full consideration of its principles, bases and methodology. Its social and political importance has now also been recognized on both the national and the international scale.2” Although the first step to take shape of Terminology was taken in 1930s, as an independent field of scientific study it has recently acclaimed, even the initial practical activities to name the concepts in the field date from much earlier with the scientific researches of scholar had operated in scopes not relating to linguistics. In the 18th century research in chemistry by Lavoisier and Berthollet or in botany and zoology by Linné showed much attention to the process of naming various scientific concepts. Due to the buoyant proliferation and internationalization of science a number of scientific works have appeared to meet the growing need for scholars to have at their disposal a set of rules for formulating terms for their respective discipline. Botanists (in 1867), zoologists (in 1889) and chemists (in 1892) expressed this need at their respective international meetings. 1 Rey, Alain. “Essays on Terminology”. - John Benjamins Publishing Co. Amsterdam, Netherlands. 1995. P. 49 2 Cabré, M. Teresa. “Terminology: theory, methods and applications”. - John Benjamins Publishing Co. Amsterdam, Netherlands. 1999. P. 1 https://scientific-jl.com/ 2 3 8 43-son_3-to’plam_Aprel -2025 ISSN: 3030-3621 Ta'lim innovatsiyasi va integratsiyasi Literature review: In the 18th and 19th centuries scientists were the leader in terminology; in the 20th centuries engineers and technicians have become involved. The rapid progress and development of technology required not only the naming of new concepts, but also agreement on the terms used. “The Austrian E. Wüster (1898– 1977), considered the founder of modern terminology and the main representative of what is known as the Vienna School, came from the field of engineering, as did the Russian Lotte D. S. (1889–1950), founder of the Soviet School of Terminology.The first international association of standardization, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), was founded in Missouri in 1904.3” During the first half of 20th century, neither linguists nor scientists paid special attention to the formulation of new concepts till the middle of century when they began to show any interest. It is interesting fact that linguists were the experts to become less curious about the development of Terminology, instead they have been concerned with developing a theory to account for the principles governing all possible human languages. For linguistic research of the XX - XXI century special attention was paid not only to general vocabulary, but also to special vocabulary, which constitutes a huge layer of lexical reserve of language. With the development of science and technology, with the emergence of new concepts in professional activities, a number of special lexical units is constantly increasing. As the specific vocabulary grows rapidly, the interest of researchers is also growing. Analysis and results: “Terminology is not a completely new field of study, but rather it has developed out of a basic human need, that of identifying and labelling or naming things. In spite of that, its exact definition is not clearly stated and the views on terminology as a scientific discipline vary considerably.4” As stated above, modern terminology emerged by one of the renowned representative of Vienna school, the Austrian E. Wüster with his dissertational work ("International speech normalization in techniques, especially in electronics") which presented a number of systematizing working methods in Terminology, establishing a set of principles working with terms and methodology processing terminological data. As Rondeau stated E. Wüster was only concerned the practical usage of terms and methodological standards of technical and scientific communication as the scientist considered terminology as a tool should be used as effectively as possible. Later he paid attention to the theory of terminology. 3 Cabré, M. Teresa. “Terminology: theory, methods and applications”. - John B