SOME REMARKS ON THE MIGRANT ACTIVITIES OF IBRAHIMBEK, THE TURKESTAN INDEPENDENT (KURBASHI) IN AFGHANISTAN

Аннотация

This article is devoted to the history of the emigration to Afghanistan of the kurbashi - Ibrahimbek and the representatives of the independence struggle who followed him, who were condemned as representatives of the “suppression” movement due to the ideological approach of the Soviet Union to our history in the 1920s, but in fact fought to liberate the entire territory of Turkestan from the Bolshevik invaders. Also, a brief analysis of the attitude of the Afghan government and local Afghan Uzbeks to the Turkestan leader Ibrahimbek and other independenceemigrants and theirsubsequent fates is conducted in Afghanistan. Keywords: Turkestan, Afghanistan, emigrant, independence struggle, kurbashi, Afghan Uzbeks, Northern Afghanistan. INTRODUCTION. In the first weeks after the overthrow of the emir's power in Bukhara (September 1920), an independence movement began in the western, central and eastern parts of thecountry against theaggressive policy oftheRed Army and theoppression of theBolsheviks. The ranks of the independence fighters in Bukhara included people from all strata of the people. Peasants and artisans formed the basis of the young men in the ranks of the commanders. The commanders, who were the leaders of the movement, were not only wealthy and prominent religiousfigures, but also included many intellectuals and people ofvarious professions. Along with Uzbeks and Tajiks, Turkmens, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, and Karakalpaks also fought in the ranks of the movement. Dozens of Turkish and Bashkir, as well as Tatar officers and advisers were in the commander's detachments, who gave the young men military training, taught them howto usemodern weapons. ....The independencefighters who fought against theRedArmy for the freedom and independence of the Bukhara country openly stated their ideas and goals. They were completely sure that they had embarked on the path of a just struggle [1, B.17]. Representatives of this independence movement who fought for the freedom of the Motherland were for a long time associated with a negative image in Soviet literature as a "suppressionist" movement. In fact, the leaders and leaders of the movement were considered commanders [2, B.413]. During their struggle against the Soviet regime, many of the commander's detachments that were defeated in battles or retreated went to neighboring countries to regroup and gather troops and weapons. In particular, most of them sought refuge in Afghanistan. The main reason for this was religious and ethnic commonality, as well as the aim of obtaining support from the British in India. According to the historian Sh. Hayitov, about 1 million Turkestanis who crossed the Afghan border with the "basmachi" leaders in 1918-1922 were scattered throughout the territories of this country [3, B.100]. The independence movements of the leaders spread throughout the entire Turkestan region. MATERIALSAND METHODS. Thehistory of theUzbeks ofAfghanistan and theTurkestans who migrated to the country as immigrants has been studied by many researchers. In this article, https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue3,2025 527 an attempt was made to reveal the essence of the topic by comparing the opinions of several researchers about the leader and commander of the national liberation struggle, Ibrahimbek, who migrated to Afghanistan as an immigrant in the first quarter of the 20th century, using methods such as comparative analysis, historicity, consistency, and objectivity. In order to clarify the essence of the article, the monograph on the history of Uzbek emigration by Sh. Hayitov, a prominent historian and scholar, on the history of Uzbek emigration, as well as the research of orientalists Kh. Khashimbekov, Q. Rajabov, N. Nazarov, and several other scientists and specialists were used. DISCUSSION AND RESULTS. Among the commanders in Bukhara, Ibrahimbek undoubtedly stands out. He was from the Uzbek Lakai clan of Eastern Bukhara, and was initially promoted to the rank of "guard beg" in 1919 for his services under the Beg of Hisar, and later by Sayyid Alimkhan to the positions of "devon beg", "topchibashi" and "lashkarboshi". After the overthrow of the emir's regime, Ibrahimbek led the general leadership of the groups of commanders in Eastern Bukhara (except for the period when Anvar Pasha and Salim Pasha arrived in Eastern Bukhara), raising the banner of freedom against the invading Red Army and the communist regime. After the commander Ibrahimbek gathered more than ten thousand soldiers in a short period of time in 1920-1921 and achieved success against the Red Army, in early 1921 Sayyid Olimkhan appointed Ibrahimbek Devonbeg as the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of all the troops in Bukhara. Amir Sayyid Olimkhan also wrote the following about Ibrahimbek in his memoirs: “... Ibrahimbek fought against the Bolsheviks for seven years, believing that the Muslim people and this band were weak, and he showed heroism during the battles and kept me informed of their results.” M