COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING

Аннотация

Today, communities are increasingly facing rapid and profound changes and tensions that affect the social, economic, and political aspects of life. The role of education has also become questionable in the millennial era. A matter of fact, 21 century education requires a gradual shift in curriculum construction focusing on the transferable competencies that learners need to develop in instructional settings. In today's knowledge-based, types of skills and competencies that students need to gain are different from in the past. Emphasizing the communicative competence is one of the most influential developments in language education. The implementation of communicative activities in EFL/ESL classroom prepares learners to use English in the world beyond based on their own needs, interests and opportunities. Keywords: communicative competence, communicative approach, social language, task-based language learning, text-based teaching. The role and influence of English today are gaining a higher speed in the world. The main factors for this phenomenon include expanding communication with the world after gaining independence and increasing speed and scope of information exchange in the global village. The dominant position in the internet space by the language of the published content is firmly held by English, which is a strong motivation to learn English for those who wish to promote their global competencies [1;19]. A communicative approach is an approach which is worldwide known and established it has established itself in many parts of the world as a way of teaching languages, especially English. It is the approach that https://scientific-jl.com/luch/ 2 2 5 Часть-44_ Том-3_ Май-2025 has prevailed in English Language Teaching over the past 50 years, and it is still used nowadays [2;34]. The origins of the Communicative Approach are to be found in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The communicative approach is the product of some linguists and educators who had grown dissatisfied with the previous two methods used for foreign language teaching; the audio-lingual method and Grammar-translation method. These great linguists and educators who contributed to the rise of this worldwide used approach are Hymes, Chomsky, Wilkins, Van Ek and Alexander, and the Council of Europe. However, all these linguists and educators felt that students during those years were not learning the language in the right way. They claimed that they did not learn the 'whole language' and realistic language. Students did not know how to communicate outside the classroom in real life situations, using the appropriate social language. So far they were relying on the structures of language instead of relying on functions and notions of language. This made them unable to communicate in the culture of the language studied [3;90]. Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), which is an approach to the teaching of second and foreign languages, emphasizes interaction as both the means and the ultimate goal of learning a language. It is also referred to as the "Communicative Approach". Historically, CLT has been seen as a response to the Audio-Lingual Method (ALM), and as an extension or development of the Notional-Functional Syllabus. Task-based language learning, a more recent refinement of CLT, has gained considerably in popularity. Communicative language teaching can be understood as a set of principles about the goals of language teaching, how learners learn a language, the kinds of classroom activities that best facilitate learning, and the roles of teachers and learners in the classroom. https://scientific-jl.com/luch/ 2 2 6 Часть-44_ Том-3_ Май-2025 Communicative competence includes the following aspects of language knowledge: Knowing how to use language for a range of different purposes and functions; Knowing how to vary our use of language according to the setting and the participants; Knowing how to produce and understand different types of texts; Knowing how to maintain communication despite having limitations in one's language knowledge. So, Communicative Language Teaching is an approach to the teaching foreign languages that emphasizes interaction as both the means and the ultimate goal of learning a language [4;94]. Principles of CLT: In the CLT approach, the meaning is given prime importance. The main focus of the approach is to make the learners able to understand the intention and expression of the writers and speakers. In this approach, it is believed that communicative functions are more important rather than linguistic structures. Littlewood states that «one of the most characteristics features of communicative language teaching is that it pays systematic attention to functional as well as structural aspects of language, combine these into a more fully communicative view». Each language has a limited number of sentence patterns. Mastering only those sentence patterns does not help the learners to communicate in the target language. The