CHARACTERISTICS OF GENERAL PREVENTION OF OFFENCES AND ITS BASIC PROPERTIES

Аннотация

the article analyses the purpose and tasks, object, arrangements of general prevention of offences. Conclusions directed on improvement of scientific-theoretical approaches to these problems are developed. Keywords: prevention of offences, general prevention, special prevention, individual prevention, victimology prevention, persons inclined to commit offences, persons with high level of becoming victim. Nowadays, when the threat of such negative phenomena as religious extremism, terrorism, drug addiction, human trafficking, illegal migration, “mass culture” is growing, the fact that instead of applying heavy and ruthless punishments for the crime committed is much greater the effect and result will bring inevitability of responsibility for committing offenses, their prevention. And this, in turn, requires the creation of an effective system for 148 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) the implementation of crime prevention measures, the determination of the causes and conditions for the commission of offenses, and the introduction of modern organizational and legal mechanisms for their prevention. For this reason, improving the theoretical and legal foundations of crime prevention through the implementation of in-depth scientific research is of particular relevance. Prevention of offenses is divided into general, special, individual and victimological. In the scientific and theoretical References:, general prevention refers to the prevention of offenses by the subjects of prevention, the identification of the reasons for their commission and the conditions that allow them to be committed, the activity to eliminate them [3, p.192; 6, p.7]. In our opinion, this definition provides only a description of the general prevention of offenses. It did not find its exact reflection of the goals and objectives of general prevention, its specificity. It should be noted that each type of crime prevention has the qualities inherent in general prevention: goals and objectives, an object, a system of preventive measures, the basis and procedure for their implementation, as well as certain advantages. In this regard, it is impossible to achieve results that can be achieved by other types of crime prevention through the implementation of one of the types of crime prevention. Due to the fact that “general crime prevention” is a new concept for theory and practice, there are other opinions about the goals of this type of crime prevention. However, without determining the goal of general crime prevention, it is difficult to come to a consensus on the objectives and system of measures of the type of crime prevention under consideration. According to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated May 14, 2014 “On the Prevention of Crimes”, crime prevention refers to a system of legal, organizational and other measures of general, special, individual and victimological prevention, used to maintain and strengthen the rule of law, identify, suppress offenses, as well as identify , eliminating the causes of offenses and the conditions conducive to them (article 3) [1]. In this definition, the following are indicated as the goal of crime prevention:  maintaining and strengthening the rule of law;  identification and suppression of offenses;  identification, elimination of the causes of offenses and the conditions conducive to them. In the doctoral dissertation I.Yu. Fazilova proposed to relate to the goals of crime prevention also:  increasing the legal consciousness and legal culture of citizens, the formation of law-abiding behavior in them, a sense of inevitability of punishment for committing an offense; 149 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)  warning citizens about the public danger of offenses, informing them of the methods and means of protection against offenses, as well as reducing the risk for specific individuals to become victims of offenses;  prevention of offenses;  the implementation of preventive work to correct the offenders (inclined to commit), previously convicted of an offense, as well as to prevent their reoffending;  social rehabilitation and social adaptation of persons affected by an offense, committed an offense (inclined to commit), previously convicted of an offense [4, p.222-223]. Considering the foregoing, based on the characteristics of the general prevention of offenses, we consider it appropriate to formulate its goals as follows:  maintaining and strengthening the rule of law;  increasing the legal consciousness and legal culture of citizens, the formation of law-abiding behavior in them, a sense of inevitability of responsibility for the offense;  warning citizens about the public danger of offenses, informing them about methods and means of protection against offenses, as well as reducing the risk of becoming a victim of an offense;  identification of offenses and their elimination;  identification and elimination of the causes of offens