PANCREATIC MORPHOLOGY IN THYROID DISEASES IN WHITE MICE

Аннотация

In our study, we examined white laboratory rats born to control and experimental mothers with hypothyroidism. Morphological analysis of the pancreas during various stages of postnatal ontogenesis revealed significant delays in the development and formation of individual components of the vascular wall compared to the control group. From the first days of the experiment, changes in the arterial wall were observed in all experimental animals. The results demonstrate that morphological changes in pancreatic cells and their blood vessels occur in offspring born to mothers with hypothyroidism. Key words: pancreas, acinus, mercazolil, share МОРФОЛОГИЯ ПОДЖЕЛУДОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ ПРИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯХ ЩИТОВИДНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ У БЕЛЫХ МЫШЕЙ Аннотация. В нашем исследовании мы изучали белых лабораторных крыс, рожденных от контрольных и экспериментальных матерей с гипотиреозом. В результате морфологического анализа поджелудочной железы в разные периоды постнатального онтогенеза выявлены существенные изменения задержки развития и формирования отдельных компонентов сосудистой стенки по сравнению с контрольной группой. С первых дней после начала эксперимента у всех подопытных животных отмечали изменения артериальной стенки. Полученные результаты показывают, что у потомства, рожденного от матерей с гипотиреозом, происходят морфологические изменения в клетках поджелудочной железы и ее кровеносных сосудах. Ключевые слова: поджелудочная железа, ацинус, мерказолил, доля Introduction. Hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome resulting from a persistent deficiency of thyroid hormones or a reduction in their biological effects at the tissue level. 1 62 8 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2025 VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ According to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of primary hypothyroidism in the population ranges from 0.2–1%, while latent primary hypothyroidism affects 7–10% of women and 2–3% of men. Within a year, 5% of latent hypothyroidism cases progress to overt hypothyroidism [1, 4, 8, 11, 17]. Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid dysfunction, characterized by a gradual onset, subtle symptoms, and satisfactory well-being in mild to moderate cases. Symptoms may include fatigue, depression, or complications during pregnancy. The prevalence of hypothyroidism is approximately 1%, rising to 2% in women of reproductive age and up to 10% in the elderly. Thyroid hormone deficiency causes systemic changes in the body. These hormones regulate energy metabolism in cells, and their deficiency leads to reduced oxygen consumption, decreased energy expenditure, and impaired processing of energy substrates [2, 6, 9, 14, 18]. Hypothyroidism disrupts the synthesis of cellular enzymes dependent on energy, impairing normal cell function. In advanced cases, myxedema—edema of the mucous membranes—develops due to excessive accumulation of glycosaminoglycans, which increase tissue hydrophilicity and water retention [3, 7, 10, 15, 16]. In women, hypothyroidism is associated with reproductive system disorders, including irregular menstrual cycles (amenorrhea, dysfunctional uterine bleeding), and mastopathy. Thyroid hormone deficiency can lead to infertility. While mild hypothyroidism may not prevent pregnancy, it increases the risk of spontaneous abortion or neurological disorders in offspring. Both men and women may experience reduced libido [5, 12, 13, 19]. The pancreas is highly susceptible to pathological influences from endogenous and exogenous stimuli, leading to functional impairments and systemic pathological processes. Changes in pancreatic function often originate from alterations in its vascular and connective tissue stroma. Thus, damage to the pancreas results in quantitative and qualitative changes in stromal vessels, the islets of Langerhans, and acini. These structural changes are accompanied by clinical symptoms of impaired pancreatic function. Purpose of the Research. To investigate the nature of morphological changes in the pancreas in experimental thyroid disorders. Materials and Methods. The study examined the pancreases of 80 sexually mature white laboratory rats divided into two groups. 1 62 9 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2025 VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ Group 1 (control) consisted of 30 healthy rats. Group 2 (experimental) included 50 female rats treated with 0.5 mg of mercazolil per 100 g of body weight for 14 days to induce hypothyroidism, followed by 0.25 mg per 100 g for one month. After pregnancy and delivery, the experimental mothers continued receiving 0.25 mg of mercazolil per 100 g during lactation. Blood samples from the tail veins of mothers and offspring were analyzed for thyroid hormone levels. Offspring were euthanized by decapitation on days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 30 post-birth. Pancreatic tissues from the head, body, and tail were collected for histological examination. Tissues were fi