ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE

Аннотация

Research shows that a number of factors have a leading influence on the formation and development of tourism infrastructure. In the article, the author analyzed the factors influencing the formation and development of tourism infrastructure. Key words: tourism, infrastructure, economy, tourism, service, tourist, tourist, currency, income, transport, hotel, geographical, economic, political, travel safety, socio-demographic. Annotasiya: Tadqiqotlar turizm infratuzilmasini shakllanishiga va rivojlanishiga bir qator omillar yetakchi ta’sir o‘tkazishini ko‘rsatadi.Maqolada muallif turizm infratuzilmasini shakllanishiga va rivojlanishiga ta’sir etuvchi omillarni tahlil etgan. Kalit so‘zlar: turizm, infratuzilma , iqtisodiyot, turizm, xizmat, sayyoh, turist, valyuta, daromad, transport, mehmonxona, geografik, iqtisodiy, siyosiy, sayohat xavfsizligi, ijtimoiy-demografik. Аннотация: Исследования показывают, что на формирование и развитие туристической инфраструктуры ведущее влияние оказывает ряд факторов. В статье автор анализирует факторы, влияющие на формирование и развитие туристической инфраструктуры. Ключевые слова: туризм, инфраструктура, экономика, турист, услуга, турист, валюта, доход, транспорт, гостиница, географический, экономический, политический, безопасность путешествий, социально- демографический. Introduction. Currently, obtaining this or that information in a computer system is always open to travel agents. They can use it in a separate working mode or cooperate with counterparties using telecommunication networks of information processing tools. At the same time, a number of factors have a leading influence on the formation and development of tourism infrastructure. Of these factors, we consider it appropriate to consider the following. Main part. Geographical factors. People seek to get out into nature, see and enjoy a variety of scenic spots. The level and nature of the diversity of natural 204 SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMY International scientific-online conference conditions is of great importance for tourism and recreation. That is, the landscape, climate, diversity of flora and fauna of a particular territory are one of the main means for people to relax and restore their health. Climate Geographical location and relief Plant world Animal world Figure 1. Pyramid of geographical factors influencing the development of tourism infrastructure 1. The favorable geographical location of regions and countries plays a leading role in the development of tourism infrastructure. For example, travel agencies advertise exotic, unique natural objects more. Especially countries such as Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Australia and Oceania attract tourists from Europe and North America with their remarkable natural exoticism. In Colombia, a unique type of tourism called “Colombian Birds” and the organization of a 24-day trip to Australia and New Zealand by the Pan American airline to find valuable stones and minerals led to the coordination and formation of the country's tourism infrastructure. In some countries, the development of tourism infrastructure depends on the geographical location of the country and the region, namely its proximity to the sea and ocean, the nature of the coastline, the intersection of various water, road and railway routes, proximity to mountainous and forest landscapes, and the level of provision with them. In particular, the development of tourism infrastructure in Spain, Italy, France, Turkey, the Arab Republic of Egypt, Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore, and the Caribbean countries is distinguished by its geographical location. At the same time, in many cases it depends on the natural climatic conditions of countries and regions. Here, natural climatic conditions occupy a leading position. Natural climatic conditions are the main factor that makes tourism seasonal. Changes in weather, frequent occurrence of 205 SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMY International scientific-online conference natural disasters, and vagaries of nature lead to a sharp decrease in the flow of tourists. Therefore, the most developed regions of tourism fall on temperate climatic zones of the globe. In particular, in countries located on the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Caribbean Sea, Adriatic Sea, Baltic Sea, Sea of Japan, and South China Sea, tourism infrastructure is of international importance. The world's oceans and sea coasts are factors that greatly influence the development of tourism infrastructure. They occupy a special place in the development of economic relations, in organizing tourism, excursions. In particular, the sea coasts of France, Spain, Italy, Turkey, Greece, Egypt, the East Coast of Romania and Bulgaria, the coasts of California and Florida in the USA, the beaches of the Bahamas and Bermuda have undoubtedly influenced the development of international tourism and resort infrastructure. The composition of the coasts of th