Интеграция Узбекистана в международный рынок труда в условиях глобализации

Аннотация

The significance and relevance of the dissertation topic. Globalization processes arc accelerating in different sectors of the world economy and leading to improvement of mutual relations, liberalization of the independently operating markets and integrating them into a common global labor market. Currently, the world's nearly 200 countries arc participating in international labor market which is an integral part of the global labor market. According to the data of the International Migration Organization, the total number of international migrants in the world reached 258 mln people22, and out of $ 601 bln transferred by migrants, S 429 bln were sent to developing countries23. Problems arising during the process of international labor migration in the world and in Uzbekistan arc relevant issue in the agenda of researching the country's effective integration into the international labor market based on scientific views. This, in turn, proves the necessity of studying current state in international and regional labor markets, analysing the participation of Uzbekistan in this regard with reference to the international experience and the country's integration to the international labor market and determining the actual prospects of the state policy in the area of external labor migration on the basis of proposals and recommendations aimed at improving and substantiating the need for the development of theoretical conclusions. After gaining independence, Uzbekistan carried out economic reforms with profound structural changes in the economy by implementing advanced technologies and equipment into the production process and these factors have provided sustainable growth in the country. Although this creates a good opportunity to resolve the problem of unemployment, the latter still remains one of the critical challenges for the country. While “there is a need to provide jobs to 1,5 million people annually, the Employment promotion centre has provided 248 thousand people or a mere 16 %”24. In order to increase the efficiency of the job creation, a particular emphasis was paid to the regulation of migration processes, which has become an integral part of the integrated global economic space in Uzbekistan's growing role in the international labor market. Although republic's active participation in the international labor market is considered one of the most important requirements of the market economy, during the process of integration there have appeared positive results, as well as some of the negative outcomes and problems (human trafficking, illegal migration, etc.). Instead of increasing economic and social efficiency of external labor market, such problems as serious barriers naturally cause increase in negative consequences to active participation of the countries in international labor market. This dissertation research serves to implement tasks defined in legal-normative documents such as the Decree of the President No.2885 on April 12,2017 “About measures to enhance the mutual strategic cooperation and partnership between the Republic of Uzbekistan and Russian Federation”, No.3001 on May 24, 2017 “About measures to further improve the state policy on employment and substantially increase the productivity of labor institutions”, Intergovernmental Agreement on December 21, 2017 “About centralized involvement of the citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan for carrying out a temporary work in the territory of the Russian Federation” and other documents on the issue. The aim of the research is to develop scientific, stylistic and practical proposal and recommendations on processes and prospects of integrating Uzbekistan into international labor market under globalization. The scientific novelty of the research includes the following: In order to achieve economic efficiency of international labor market integration an incentive mechanism was set up for re-emigration and redirecting labor migrants' remittances into payments of mortgages; new areas for labor protection, social welfare and insurance mechanisms were developed for uzbek migrants working abroad. External labor migration demonstrated poor efficiency in resolving unemployment and achieving strong economic growth in the long-run, In the opposite, creating favourable conditions for foreign investments and developing local production and services industries has scientifically proven to be efficient means in stimulating the national economy; Alternative labor export destinations were discovered to enhance the integration of Uzbekistan into international labor market; Conclusion In the research "Integration of Uzbekistan into international labor market under globalized world", the following scientific and practical proposals have been worked out: 1. In the context of globalization, international labor market, it is seen positive as well as negative consequences of the circumstances. In order to prevent negative problems and eliminate them in this condition, it is recommended to strengthen the regulation of labor migration in national, regional and international levels and to work out development of bilateral partnership agreements in this area. 2. In order to develop regional integration relations among the CIS countries, firstly, taking into account the national interests, it is recommended to draw attention to the implementation of measures such as eliminating disturbances in the labor markets, coordinating relating decrees, preventing illegal migration. 3. Basing on the analysis of foreign experience, it is recommended to stress the development of domestic production, the creation of a favourable environment for the inflow of foreign investments, to develop sectors such as banking, transport and service, tourism to prevent the country's economy obedience to labor migration processes. 4. Analysis of foreign experience shows that when labor migrants income is spent not just to cover the daily consumption but rather to increase the investment the country increases the longer term benefit from remittances. With this in mind, I recommend creating mechanisms which help transform the labor migrants remittances into jobs created in the country 5. The factors such as aggravation of the Russian migration legislation, lack of knowledge on Russian language among most young people living in rural areas, the desire of the majority of young people to go to developed countries may decrease the flow of labor migration towards the Russian Federation in coming years. Therefore, it is recommended to develop relations with the USA, Europe, Japan, Korea and other developed and fast developing countries in the sphere of migration in order to integrate international labor market, the participation of labor migrants in working process not based on agriculture, construction or other heavy physical affairs, such as agriculture and construction activities that require heavy physical labor, but in the spheres based on technologies and industry, as well as diversify integration directions. 6. Taking into consideration the opportunities such as the positive results of labor migration cooperation between Uzbekistan and the Republic of Korea, particularly migrants with special medical and vocational training, to ensure their full rights and freedoms, to learn a language and gain experience in the field of industrial opportunities, it is recommended the further expansion of collaborations between the two countries in this sphere and its diversity. 7. In order to solve problems to encourage the processes of re-emigration in the country for legal labor migrants’ return to their places, it is desirable to provide public control on the use of their knowledge and skills in the country that is acquired in a foreign country, and provide them with jobs. 8. In order to eliminate the factors such as wedding expenses, dwelling and car purchase, tuition fees that lead to the external labor migration of citizens from Uzbekistan it is recommended to offer for long-term loans to facilitate the system. 9. It is recommended to improve the processes of legal framework in Uzbekistan in order to integrate actively in the international Labor market in the future, that is, initially to adopt the Law on labor migration and to sign international and regional agreements, the adoption of relevant international conventions and their effective use, to enlarge the activities of FEMA expansion and diversify labor migration directions.