FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

Аннотация

В статье на основе сравнительного анализа изучаются модели финансирования системы высшего образования в зарубежных странах и проблемы управления высшими учебными заведениями. Были выдвинуты предложения по совершенствованию системы высшего образования всвязи смеждународной системой образования. Ключевые слова:образование,система высшегообразования, рынок образовательных услуг, финансирование системы высшего образования, модели финансирования, управление высшими учебными заведениями,международныйобразовательный институт. INTRODUCTION. The effective development of higher education services and the labor market is associated with the training of highly qualified specialists trained by higher education institutions, which are subjects of higher education services. As Sh.M.Mirziyoyev noted, “We all know that the cornerstone of development, the force that makes a country powerful and a nation great, is science, education and upbringing. Our tomorrow, the bright prospects of our Motherland, are closely related, first of all, tothe education system and theupbringing we give toourchildren”[12]. Because in the conditions of market relations, socio-economic development based on free competition, ensuring the country's competitiveness in the world economic market through the introduction of innovative innovations in the field of production and services, depends on the level ofuse ofthescientific potential ofourrepublic [9]. In our country, the state leadership pays great attention to the development of the educational services system based on the requirements of a market economy. However, in the current market conditions, the higher education service system must meet the requirements of the higher education service and the labor market in terms of financial efficiency, the quality of its educational service system, and its usemust meet theneeds ofthoseseeking higher education [7]. For this: • regulation based on the requirements of the world market in the conditions of market economy relations; • development of a strategy for the development of the national education system based on the characteristics ofeconomic regions; • organization of the higher education system in an integrated manner with scientific and research work, the organization of continuous organizational, economic and educational processes should be carried out by institutions that ensure the continuous improvement of the higher education system [8]. 251 INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SJIF2019:5.2222020:5.5522021:5.6372022:5.4792023:6.5632024:7,805 eISSN:2394-6334 https://www.ijmrd.in/index.php/imjrd Volume12,issue03(2025) ANALYSIS OF THELITERATURE ONTHETOPIC Several models of financing the development of the world higher education system have been formed over the past 30-40 years. Of these, the first model of financing the higher education system is the model of neoliberalism, which was studied by M. Fidlin, F. Chaba and F. Hask, this model is mainly used in the USA, Japan, Australia, South Korea, New Zealand and South Africa. In particular, in the 21st century, 42.5% of the costs of the US higher education system are covered by budget funds, including 27.5% from the federal budget and 2.6% from local state budgets. Public higher education institutions receive 50% of their financial resources from state administration, while private higher education institutions do not have such a right. Representatives of this model solve existing problems in the higher education system through cooperation between higher education institutionsand enterprises located inthe states [3]. However, the autonomous functioning of a higher education institution requires control over the use of state budget funds. In Western European countries, the solution to the problem of stabilizing relations between higher education services in connection with the transformation of the market economy is associated with the fact that higher education has become the main tool in the activity of human knowledge. The Bolognaprocess is a commonproblem that requires ajoint solution [2]. The second model of financing the higher education system is the formation of a social market in higher education, the theoretical basis of which is the idea of ​ ​ populist capitalism. Its founders are D. Schumpeter, D. Giddens and H. Mayer. This model is used in Canada, Western Europe, England, Spain and Italy. This model of the higher education system is based on the responsibility of the individual in obtaining education and making a career with the active support of the state. This model of the higher education system is partly based on market relations and is based on a decrease in thelevel ofstatefunding and an increasein private funding. The change in the sources of financing in the development of the higher education system based on this method can be seen in the example of higher education institutions in England. Currently, 33% of financing comes from the state budget