ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПРОТИВОВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ СВОЙСТВ НЕКОТОРЫХ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ

Аннотация

Nowadays, new types of inflammation are emerging. Each of them is related to the activity of 45 www.universaljurnal.uz Universal International Scientific Journal 2024, 1(4) Inflammation is often a complex process synthase" and "prostaglandin synthetase" associated with pain, involving phenomena such are sometimes used to refer to as increased vascular permeability, enhanced cyclooxygenases. Detailed studies of COX protein denaturation, and membrane changes. revealed their presence in various tissues When body cells are damaged by microbes, and their different sensitivity spectra to physical factors, or chemical agents, the damage aspirin-like drugs, suggesting the existence manifests as stress. Tissue inflammation occurs of enzyme isoforms. In humans, two genes as a response to stress, characterized by redness, encode COX: COX-1 and COX-2. The pain, heat, swelling, and loss of function in the alternative splicing of the first gene's affected area. Loss of function depends on the product results in two forms of the enzyme. location and extent of the damage. Since Cyclooxygenases catalyze the conversion inflammation is one of the body's non-specific of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2 defense mechanisms, the reaction of randomly (PGH2), a precursor of other cut tissues is similar to other types of tissue prostaglandins, prostacyclins, and damage caused by heat, radiation, bacterial, or thromboxane A2.**Inflammation is one of viral invasion. Prostaglandins are hormone-like the central processes required to protect substances synthesized in almost all tissues of animal cells from injuries or microbial the body, including blood vessel walls. They infections [1,2]. Nevertheless, regulate blood pressure, uterine contractions, inflammation is regularly acute [3] or and various other physiological processes. chronic [1]. Chronic inflammation leads to Prostaglandins are small molecules various diseases, including belonging to a group of lipid-like substances neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and called eicosanoids. This group also includes cardiovascular diseases [4]. The chemically similar compounds like inflammation mechanism represents a leukotrienes, involved in inflammation and chain of coordinated, dynamic responses, allergic reactions, and thromboxanes, involved including specific humoral secretions with in blood clotting. All eicosanoids are derived cellular and vascular events. These from arachidonic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid, pathways involve the physical alteration of and are synthesized from another fatty acid, white blood cell locations (monocytes, linolenic acid, which enters the human body basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils), with food. plasma, and fluids to the inflamed site [5]. Molecular Mechanisms of A group of latent mediators and other Inflammation signaling molecules (such as histamine, Cyclooxygenases (COX) are enzymes prostaglandins, leukotrienes, oxygen and involved in synthesizing prostanoids such as nitrogen-derived free radicals, and prostaglandins, prostacyclins, and serotonin) is primarily released by immune thromboxanes. Pharmacological inhibition of defense cells in the inflammatory cyclooxygenases reduces inflammation and mechanism [6]. Regardless, the pain, with aspirin and ibuprofen being examples inflammatory response is triggered in two of such inhibitors. The terms "prostaglandin stages: (a) acute and (b) chronic, each 46 UNIVERSAL international scientific journal Universal International Scientific Journal 2024, 1(4) mediated by different mechanisms [3]. The of white blood cells to endothelium [17]. acute inflammation involves the participation of After the stationary adhesion period, white immune responses vascular and cellular [7]. blood cells can exit post-capillary venules Responses occurring in microvasculature by extending pseudopodia between typically emerge within minutes of tissue injury endothelial cells and reaching the or microbial infection, involving inflammatory subendothelial space. This complex event stimuli known as vascular events [7]. This is often called white blood cell process quickly leads to vasodilation and extravasation and transendothelial subsequently makes the vessels more migration [18]. Chronic inflammatory permeable. These processes allow the entry of events are characterized by mononuclear inflammatory mediators and produce interstitial cell infiltration (such as monocytes and edema [8]. During inflammation, the infiltration lymphocytes), fibroblast proliferation, of white blood cells from the circulatory system collagen fibers, and connective tissue is crucial [9,10]. A group of chemotactic agents, formation, eventually leading to such as microbial endotoxins with amino- granuloma formation [19]. The terminal N-formyl methionyl groups, C5a degeneration of tissues in chronic complement fragments, and interleukins, along inflammation is usually mediated by with platelet-activating factors like histamine nitrogen species, protease