INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR THE SAFE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS IN UZBEKISTAN

Аннотация

In the context of the active development of renewable energy sources (RES) in Uzbekistan, particularly solar energy, the issues of standardization and safety of photovoltaic systems (PV systems) have become critically important. Uzbekistan aims to increase the share of RES in its energy balance to 40% by 2025, which requires the adoption of international standards such as IEC 61215, IEC 61730, IEC 62446, and EN 50583, taking into account national climatic and technical characteristics. This article provides an analysis of key international standards, their adaptation to the conditions of Uzbekistan, and recommendations for improving the safety, reliability, and efficiency of PV systems. The main focus is on the integration of international standards into the national regulatory framework, which promotes the development of sustainable energy, reduces carbon emissions, and attracts international investments. Key research findings: 1. Analysis of international standards: This work examines key international standards, such as IEC 61215 (requirements for the design and testing of photovoltaic modules), IEC 61730 (safety of photovoltaic modules), IEC 62446 (testing and inspection of PV systems), and EN 50583 (integration of photovoltaic modules into buildings). These standards set the basic requirements for the design, testing, and operation of PV systems, making them the foundation for the safe and efficient use of solar energy. 2. Adaptation of standards to Uzbekistan's conditions: Uzbekistan has unique climatic conditions, including high temperatures, intense solar radiation, and frequent wind loads. The adaptation of international standards requires consideration of these factors, particularly in terms of the mechanical and thermal resilience of PV systems. For example, the IEC 61215 standard should be supplemented with requirements that account for high daytime temperatures and nighttime cooling, typical of desert and semi-desert regions. 179 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference 3. National regulations: Uzbekistan has developed national standards, such as SHNK 2.04.15-23 "Photovoltaic Power Plants (Systems)," which are based on international standards but adapted to local conditions. These regulations take into account the specifics of the construction and operation of PV systems in Uzbekistan, including safety, reliability, and energy efficiency requirements. 4. Testing and inspection of PV systems: The IEC 62446 standard, which regulates the testing and inspection of PV systems, plays a key role in ensuring the safety and efficiency of these systems. The implementation of this standard requires the creation of specialized infrastructure for regular monitoring and testing, which is particularly important for densely populated cities such as Fergana. 5. Architectural integration: The EN 50583 standard, which concerns the integration of photovoltaic modules into buildings, requires adaptation to local architectural and construction features. For example, flat roofs, common in urban areas of Uzbekistan, require special solutions to prevent water accumulation and ensure ventilation. 6. Economic and environmental aspects: The adaptation of international standards contributes to the economic efficiency of PV systems by increasing their lifespan and reducing operational costs. This also supports the sustainable development goals outlined in the "Energy Strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030," including the reduction of carbon emissions and the improvement of energy efficiency. Recommendations for Uzbekistan: 1. Integration of international standards: For the successful development of solar energy in Uzbekistan, it is necessary to integrate international standards into the national regulatory framework, adapting them to local climatic and technical conditions. 2. Creation of specialized infrastructure: To ensure the safety and efficiency of PV systems, it is necessary to create infrastructure for regular monitoring, testing, and inspection of systems, especially in densely populated urban areas. 3. Development of national guidelines: Based on international standards and local conditions, national guidelines for the design, installation, and operation of PV systems should be developed, which will improve their safety and reliability. 180 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference 4. Support for sustainable development: The adaptation of standards and the adoption of modern technologies contribute to achieving sustainable development goals, including the reduction of carbon emissions and the improvement of energy efficiency.