CORRECTIONAL WORKS WITH MENTALLY DEAD CHILDREN

Аннотация

The article describes the main aspects and methods of correctional work with mentally retarded children. Special education methods, psychological-pedagogical approaches andmethods ofspeech and social skillsdevelopment are analyzed. Key words:mental retardation, intellectual development, cognitive activity, attention, memory, correctional work, emotionaldevelopment, thinking, speech. Mentally retarded refers to a steady decrease in mental, primarily intellectual development as a result of organic damage to the brain. Children with mental retardation will not be able to master the curriculum of comprehensive schools. In the clinical and psychological form of mental retardation, the leading defect is underdevelopment of cognitive activity. Decreased cognitive activity is manifested in the failure to develop thinking operations, the image of mental processes, impaired mobility, attention, memory and anumberof functions. Oligophrenia is classified according to the degree of manifestation of intellectual disability: mild,moderate, severe and deep. Mild mental retardation. Children with mild mental retardation, who can concentrate and have good mechanical memory, can be trained in a special (corrective) program. This program is based on clear demonstration methods and makes learning math, writing, reading and other subjects much easier, so that a child can master it for 9 years. Later, the child acquires professional knowledge and can work independently. Limited and slowed visual, auditory, kinesthetic, tactile, olfactory, and cognitive senses make it difficult to orientate appropriately in the environment. Poorly developed perception makes it difficult for a mentally retarded person to form an accurate picture of himself and the things that surround him. It is characterized by slowness and slowness of memory, rapid forgetting. But the memory can be stored and well formed. Usually, only external features of objects and realities are remembered. Memories of internal logical connections andverbal explanationspose great challenges. A person with mild mental retardation may have limitations in their intellectual development. Individuals with this condition often need help to manage themselves independently in everyday life, but they may be able to learn to read, write, count and do other basicactivities. Correctional works are carried out inthefollowing main directions: 1. Cognitive development: Development of mental abilities with the help of logical thinking and memory exercises. Learning basic knowledge, such as numbers, colors, shapes, developing skillstoperform everyday tasks. 2. Social Skills: Learning social skills and teaching behavior skills to be effective in communication. Working in a team, building relationships with other people, helping to express one's opinion. 3. Self-care skills: choosing clothes, following hygiene rules. Doing independent tasks in everyday life(cooking, cleaning the house,managing money). page937 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue02,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai 4. Emotional development: Learning how to recognize and control your emotions, how to cope withstress andanger. Develop positiveself-esteem. 5. Special programs and methods: Use of special educational materials, visual and audio aids (cards, videos) for persons with mild mental retardation. Strengthening skills through games and practical exercises. Correctional services for persons with mild mental retardation are important in supporting their intellectual and social development. The main directions of this process are cognitive development, social skills, self-care, emotional development and special methods. These works are carried out by psychologists, pedagogues, social workers and other specialists with an individual approach. The active participation of parents and teachers is also important, because they play a key role in supporting this process and ensuring the development of the individual. Thus, the opportunities for individuals with mild mental retardation to express their identity and adapt tosociety increase. Moderate mental retardation. Moderate mental retardation is characterized by the lack of formation of cognitive processes. The thinking is concrete, sequential. Individuals in this category develop lagging behind (3-5 years late) in understanding and using speech, and full development in this area is limited. Often speech is accompanied by gross defects. The vocabulary is small, it consists of words and phrases used in everyday life. Almost all children with this level of mental retardation have impaired coordination, accuracy and imagery. Movements are slowed down, clumsy, which hinders the formation of the running mechanism and learning to jump. Children with mental retardation, even in their teens, have difficulty entering agiven movement stateand cannot maintain it formor