PERIPHERAL RED BLOOD VALUES IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Аннотация

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that can have a significant impact on peripheral blood parameters. Changes in blood tests in patients with RA reflect both inflammatory processes and the consequences of autoimmune activity, and can also beassociated with theuseofvarious therapeuticagents. Keywords:Rheumatoid arthritis, Peripheral blood, Leukocytosis, Anemia, Thrombocytosis, ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate), C-reactive protein (CRP), Rheumatoid factor (RF), Anticitrullinated antibodies(ACPA), Hemoglobin, Hematocrit. Introduction. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory joint diseases characterized by an autoimmune process that leads to progressive damage to the joints and other organs. Along with clinical manifestations, RA is accompanied by significant changes in the peripheral blood, which reflect both the degree of inflammatory activity and possible complications caused by the disease itself or its treatment. The study of peripheral blood parameters in patients with RA is important not only for diagnosis and monitoring of the disease, but also for assessing the effectiveness of therapy. Common changes in the blood include leukocytosis, anemia, thrombocytosis, and increased levels of inflammatory markers such as ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and C-reactive protein (CRP). These indicators help the doctordetermine thestage of thedisease, assess its activity and theadequacy oftherapy. Some of the key biomarkers of RA are rheumatoid factor (RF) and anticitrulline antibodies (ACPA), which serve as specific indicators of the disease. Increased values ​ ​ of these antibodies may indicate disease progression and complications. Abnormalities in hematopoiesis, such as anemia, are a common consequence of chronic inflammation, impaired iron metabolism and the effects of drugs. Thus, the study of peripheral blood parameters in patients with RA is an important tool for monitoring the condition of patients, allows timely detection of complications and assessment of the dynamics of the disease. Introduction to the topic of blood changes in RA is the basis for further study of the role of these parameters in clinical practice and their relationship with various aspects of the disease. Materials and methods of study. To study peripheral blood parameters in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a retrospective analytical evaluation of clinical data of patients observed in specialized rheumatology centers was carried out. The study included patients diagnosed with RA who received outpatient or inpatient treatment, as well as patients with diagnosed acute exacerbations ofthedisease. 1. Study materials. The study material was peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, taken at different stages of thedisease and at different points in treatment. The study included the followinggroups: Group 1:patients with active RA(exacerbation of thedisease, highinflammatory activity); 92 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS ISSN:3030-332X Impact factor: 8,293 Volume 10,issue1,February 2025 https://wordlyknowledge.uz/index.php/IJSR worldly knowledge Index: googlescholar, research gate, research bib, zenodo,open aire. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=ru&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=wosjournals.com&btnG https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Worldly-Knowledge https://journalseeker.researchbib.com/view/issn/3030-332X Group 2: patients with RA remission (decrease in disease activity, stabilization of symptoms); Group 3:control groupconsisting ofhealthy donors. 2.Study methods 2.1.Complete blood count Complete blood count was performed using automated analyzers (e.g., Coulter, Sysmex, or similar) to accurately measure the followingparameters: White blood cell count and differential (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils); Hemoglobinlevel; Hematocrit(percentage ofcellularelements toplasma); Plateletcount; Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). 2.2. Determination of C-reactive protein (CRP). To assess inflammatory activity, the C- reactive protein (CRP) level was measured. This indicator was determined using the immunoturbidimetric method or using automated analyzers such as Cobas (Roche) or similar. An increase in CRP levels serves as amarker of anactive inflammatory process. 2.3.Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). ESR was measured using the Panchenkov method or using automatic analyzers (for example, in blood biochemistry analysis equipment systems). This is an indicator that is actively used to monitorinflammation activity inRA. 2.4.Determinationof rheumatoid factor(RF) andanticitrullineantibodies (ACPA) Rheumatoid factor was determined by latex particle agglutination, as well as using more specific methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or chemiluminescent immunoassay(CLIA). Anti-citrulline antibodies (ACPA) were detected using highly sensitive ELISA methods or other serolog