ANALYSIS OF ADVANCED FOREIGN PRACTICES IN INFORMATION POLICY UNDER DISINFORMATION CONDITIONS

Аннотация

This study examines the nature and conceptual foundations of false information in the digital society, as well as the priority directions of information policy under disinformation conditions. A detailed analysis of advanced foreign practices in this field is provided. Keywords: foreign practices, information society, false information, disinformation, information policy, "fake news," globalization. In the field of information confrontation theory, Russian expert and Doctor of Technical Sciences S.P. Rastorguev defines the concept of information warfare as "a targeted informational impact in an open or concealed manner by information systems to achieve a certain advantage in the material sphere" [1]. He argues that when one opposing side is engaged in mitigating the damage inflicted upon it, the other side gains superiority. According to the scholar, information warfare does not fundamentally differ from conventional warfare in its characteristics and attributes. The aggressor aims to subjugate the opposing side by targeting its entire control system through informational means and ultimately achieves victory [2]. Rastorguev also identifies effective methods for organizing defense, including reducing the scale of existing threats, gradually eliminating "unnecessary information," and establishing strict control over one’s management system. He emphasizes that the strategy of using information weapons should always have a forward-looking nature. According to him, this is a crucial outcome that the scientific community has yet to fully comprehend, as it defines the advancing nature of information weapons and aids in assessing the capabilities of any strong opponent. Thus, it can be stated that the volume of purposefully transmitted information from one state to another serves as a measure for determining information aggression. Analysis of Advanced Foreign Practices in Information Policy Under Disinformation Conditions Recognizing the importance of conducting an effective information policy in our country today, it is essential to explore various implementation methods and choose the most optimal approach. Therefore, studying the experiences of developed countries can significantly enhance the efficiency of this process. 74 CURRENT APPROACHES AND NEW RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCES International scientific-online conference Examining Germany’s information policy and its achievements, it is evident that the country’s primary television and radio channels operate under the jurisdiction of federal states. A significant amount of work is carried out to protect national interests and enhance the country’s international reputation. For instance, the "Deutsche Welle" station, established in 1960, can be considered a key promoter of Germany’s domestic and foreign policies. This station is fully funded by the federal government. The primary broadcast target region is the African continent. Additionally, its broadcasts are primarily consumed in Southern and Eastern Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America [3]. Interestingly, the station almost entirely avoids broadcasting to North American countries. "Deutsche Welle" justifies this by emphasizing the need to deliver information to regions where censorship is strong, and press freedom is restricted. These areas are recognized as having limited access to reliable information, which is why targeted information dissemination is deemed necessary. In Austria, a country internationally acknowledged for its well-established freedom of information and expression, the political and information sectors are deeply intertwined. This can be attributed to the structure of the country’s political elite, as well as the limited number of political parties and media outlets. At the same time, efforts are made to ensure that their social influence on one another does not exceed a certain threshold. Most newspapers published in the country strive to cover the activities of various political forces (political parties) impartially. They focus on avoiding the disgraceful reputation of being a "propagandist" for any particular political party. The media and political decision-making processes are becoming increasingly intertwined, sometimes even merging. Many of the measures taken within political parties now primarily aim at ensuring that their outcomes are disseminated as quickly and effectively as possible through the media. The increasing professionalization of media relations is particularly evident in the preparation and conduct of election campaigns, where methods and tools are largely borrowed from the arsenal of commercial advertising. Austrian television is currently undergoing a transition from the public-law monopoly of ORF to a competitive system with the emergence of private TV channels. There are ongoing extensive discussions about the potential privatization of ORF in the future. Currently, this state-owned company is financially supported by viewer-paid fees, advertising ac