Симметричные и асимметричные отношения лексем, выражающих ощущения прикосновения в английском и узбекском языках

Аннотация

Ключевые слова: В данной статье рассматриваются симметричные и лексемы осязания, асимметричные отношения между лексемами, симметричные выражающими осязание в английском, русском и отношения, узбекском языках. Исследуется, как различные языки асимметричные отношения, выражают тактильные ощущения, а также как культурные лексические единицы, и лингвистические факторы влияют на формирование этих сенсорное восприятие, выражений. Основное внимание уделено пониманию межъязыковое сравнение. сходств и различий в использовании лексем, связанных с осязанием, в этих трех языках. Ingliz tili izohli lug‘atlari ustida о‘tkazilgan tahlillar teginish sezgisini ifodalovchi leksemalar polisemantik xususiyatga ega ekanligi va ular alohida olinganda ham, sо‘z birikmalari va frazeologik birikmalar tarkibida kelganda ham turli-tuman ma’nolarni kasb etishlari mumkinligini kо‘rsatdi. Bu xol teginish sezgisini ifodalovchi leksemalari bilan bog‘liq qator ma’nolar orasida ulardan qay biri invariant simmetrik yoki asimmetrik, umumiy ma’no bо‘la olishligini aniqlashda qiyinchiliklar tug‘diradi. Shuni inobatga olgan xolda lug‘atlarda rо‘yxatga olingan teginish sezgisini ifodalovchi leksemalar bilan bog‘liq morfologik va sintaktik tuzilishga ega birliklarni ma’noviy nuqtai nazardan tahlil etishni lozim deb topdik.Teginish sezgisini ifodalovchi leksemalarning simmetrik va asimmetrik munosabati aniqlashda tashqi ta’sirni qabul qilish qobiliyati va shu ta’sirdan yuzaga keladigan holatni ifodalovchi: ingliz tilida:Touch, sontact, feel, avoid, ignore; о‘zbek tilida: hislamoq, tegmoq, teginmoq, tekizmoq, ushlamoq, tutmoqkabilar tahlilga tortildi, Biz ingliz va о‘zbek tillarida teginish sezgisini ifodalovchi leksemalarning simmetrik va asimmetrik munosabatini tahlil qilishda ushbu mavzuga aloqador bо‘lgan sо‘zlarni sо‘z turkumlar guruhiga bо‘lib chiqdik. 1. Ot sо‘z turkumiga oid bо‘lgan leksemalar: ingliz tilida: press, tap, pat, nudge, prod, poke, push, glance, flick, stroke, brush, graze, pressure;Masalan: We were told to push our feelings down, not to embrace them[Vanessa Etienne, Peoplemag, 1 Feb. 2024]. о‘zbek tilida: tirgak, tirgov, tirgovich, tirgovchi, ushlovchi, hissiyot kabi: Masalan: Bir kun pushaymon bо‘lmagin, deyman. Tilmochning qozikalonday tirgovichi bor, bilib qо‘y (Oybek “Ulug‘ yо‘l”). 2. fe’l sо‘z turkumida: ingliz tilida:Touch, sontact, feel, avoid, ignore, handle, hold, pick up, move, meddle with, play (about/around) with, toy with, fiddle with, interfere with, tamper with, disturb, harm: Masalan:Wait until the unit is cool to touch and only fill to the fill mark [John Sass, Field & Stream, 3 Aug. 2023]. о‘zbek tilida: tegmoq, tegizmoq, teginmoq, tegishlik, ushlamoq, tutmoq, saqlamoq, qо‘zg‘amoq tutqazmoq, ushlatmoq, tutinmoq, ovlamoq, uzatmoq, asramoq, qо‘llamoq , itarmoq kabi. Masalan: Dilshod musicha iniga qо‘l chо‘zganda, sо‘ri orasidan о‘tkazilgan elektr simiga tegib, yerga qulagan edi (Gazetadan). 3. Sifat sо‘z turkumida: ingliz tilida: touched, touching, touchy, feel-good, touch-and- go: Masalan:Cautiously her fingers felt the ground around her and touched the cold steel barrel [John Sass, Field & Stream, 3 Aug. 2023]. о‘zbek tilida: tegishqoq, tegishlicha, qо‘llangan, ushlangan, tegingan kabi. Masalan: Obidjon yumaloq, kalta bо‘yin yigit bо‘lib, yoshlikdan shо‘x, gapidan tegishqoq о‘sgan (I.Rahimov “Barno”). 171 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Issue – 6 № 1 (2025) / ISSN 2181-1415 Ingliz tilida teginish sezgisini ifodalovchi “touch” va “feel” sо‘zlari bir-biriga chambarchas bog‘liq bо‘lib, ularning xar biri teng xis-tuyg‘ularni bildirish uchun ishlatilishi mumkin. M.: Your painting touched me (Bо‘yog‘ingizni tekkanini his qilyapman). – Feel the softness of this material ( bu matoning yumshoqligini qarang). Ushbu ikki gapda fe’llar bir-birini mazmunini tо‘lidirib kelyapti. Bundan tashqari, teginish sezgisini ifodalovchi leksemalarning mazmuniy mavzu guruhlari, ular о‘rtasidagi ma’noviy munosabatlarni о‘rganish muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Teginish sezgisini ifodalovchi leksemalarning arxisemalariiga asoslangan quyidagi mazmun guruh (tо‘da)lariga ajratamiz: 1. Teginish hissini jismoniy aloqada ifodalanuvchi leksemalar guruhi: ingliz tilida: communication, contact, feel, taste, blow, brush, caress, collision, contingence, crash, cuddling, embrace, feel, fondling, graze, grope, handling, hit, hug, impact, junction, kiss, lick, manipulation, nudge, palpation, pat, peck, perception, percussion, petting, push, rub, rubbing, scratch, shock, stroking, tap, touching, taction, brush, caress, feel, handle, hit, kiss, lick, pat, reach, rub, strike, stroke, tap, abut, adjoin, border, communicate, contact, converge, dab, examine, finger, fondle, frisk, glance, graze, grope, inspect, join, line, manipulate, march, massage, meet, neighbor, osculate, palm, palpate, partake, paw, percuss, pet, probe, push, scrutinize, sip, smooth, suck, sweep, tag, taste, thumb, tickle, tip, verge, be in contact, b