Russian experience and modern approaches in educating foreign students

Аннотация

This article discusses the fact that foreign students are a unique indicator in determining the status of states at the international level and the importance of conducting research in this regard, as well as historical facts about the visit of foreign students to Russia for educational purposes , statistical data on the growth of the number of foreign students over the years, research and experiments dedicated to the issues of education in Russian universities, socio-cultural adaptation. Keywords: Foreign students, adaptation, social adaptation, internationalization of education, training programs, free education, freedom of religion, Bologna declaration. increased by more than 20 percent and reached Introduction: In the Russian Federation, one of the 126,500, which was 10.8 percent of the global number most important directions in the internationalization of of foreign students. According to statistics for the education is the creation of favorable conditions for a 1990s, Russia ranked third in the world in terms of the significant increase in the number of foreign students number of foreign students, after the United States and in local universities and colleges. Work in this direction France. will significantly increase extra-budgetary sources of financing of educational institutions in the country, MAIN BODY maintain the teaching staff, and attract additional In 1990, foreign students studied at 700 educational foreign exchange funds for the development of regions. institutions in more than 120 cities of the USSR, almost It should be noted that Russia has been using its rich 80% of which were from Asia, Africa and Latin America. experience in training foreign specialists with higher Students from Africa made up 24% of foreign students education for many years. studying at Soviet universities in 1988. After the The education of foreign students in Russian collapse of the USSR, the number of students from universities has its own history, and initially, the abroad in Russian universities decreased by 2-3 times, Ministry of Public Education of the Russian Empire and instead the number of students from the CIS and decided to allow foreign citizens to study in these state Baltic countries increased. During this period, about educational institutions in 1865. The government of 112 thousand students from the former Soviet Emperor Alexander II allocated state scholarships to republics studied at higher educational institutions, foreign students, and they were exempted from tuition including 8 thousand from the Baltic states and 104 fees. thousand from the CIS countries. In the early 1920s, the government of VI Ulyanov-Lenin, According to the Ministry of Science and Higher guided by political motives, continued the practice of Education of the Russian Federation, the total number free education for foreign students. of foreign students in the 2023-2024 academic year will reach 355 thousand people, ranking 6th in the world After the end of World War II, students from Eastern and attracting 6% of the total number of “mobile Europe and Asia, and later from Africa, began to come students”. In 2019, 298 thousand foreign students to Russia to study. Over the 40 years (from 1950 to studied in Russian higher education institutions, in 1990), the number of foreign students in Russia International Journal of Pedagogics 17 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijp International Journal of Pedagogics (ISSN: 2771-2281) 2020 - 315 thousand, in 2021 - 324 thousand, and in 2022 - 351,127 (Figure 1). 375,000 350,000 355,000 351,000 2019 325,000 324,000 2020 315,000 2021 300,000 2022 298,000 2023 275,000 250,000 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Figure 1. Dynamics of foreign students studying in Russia [15] thousand ), Egypt (12.4 thousand), Belarus (10.2 The main countries for higher education are thousand), Ukraine (9.1 thousand) and Like Kyrgyzstan Kazakhstan (61 thousand), Uzbekistan (48.7 thousand (8.6 thousand) from countries youth visit is ordering ), China (32.6 thousand ), Turkmenistan (30.6 (Figure 2). thousand), Tajikistan (23.1 thousand ), India (16.7 Qozog‘iston O‘zbekiston Xitoy Turkmaniston Tojikiston Hindiston Misr Belarusiya Ukraina Qirg‘iziston 0 15,000 30,000 45,000 60,000 75,000 Figure 2. Studying in Russia foreign students in the countries share [15] Foreign students in the middle the most many from medicine besides, economy and management selectable education from directions one - medicine such as directions Kazakh and Uzbek student youth field is, above all from countries arrived applicants this between high on demand has [13]. in the direction to the faculties They try to enter. Also, Russian Supreme education system to cover the floor International Journal of Pedagogics 18 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijp International Journal of Pedagogics (ISSN: 2771-2281) has this is 741 universities in the world there is and and others surrounding studied [2]. universities - from Kaliningrad To Vladivostok in 82 The st