CLINICAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SLEEP DISORDERS

Аннотация

"Insomnia" is the most common sleep disorder and occurs when a person is difficult to fall asleep or unable to continue sleeping even if they have enough time to fully sleep. The causes, symptoms and intensity of insomnia in different people are different. Insomnia leads to sleep disorders and causes some symptoms throughout the day. Insomnia can affect almost all areas of life. Key words: Insomnia, sleep disorders, dissomnia, clinical psychopathological features. КЛИНИКО-ПСИХОПАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ НАРУШЕНИЙ СНА Аннотация. "Бессонница" является наиболее распространенным нарушением сна и возникает, когда человеку трудно заснуть или он не может продолжать спать, даже если у него достаточно времени, чтобы полностью заснуть. Причины, симптомы и интенсивность бессонницы у разных людей различны. Бессонница вызывает нарушения сна и вызывает некоторые симптомы в течение дня. Недостаток сна может повлиять практически на все сферы жизни. Ключевые слова: Бессонница, нарушения сна, диссомния, клинические психопатологические особенности. Introduction. Sleep disorders or insomnia (insomnia) are a common concept that includes difficulty falling asleep, problems with falling asleep, and waking up too early. As a result, during sleep, a person cannot fully restore strength and performance, which reduces the quality of life. To one degree or another, sleep disorders are observed in almost half of the adult population, but only in 9-15% of people this problem becomes clinically significant. In older people, chronic insomnia is observed more often than in young people-in more than 55% of cases [1-5]. Depending on the cause of sleep disorders, primary and secondary insomnia are distinguished. 130 Yanvar, 2025-Yil When diagnosed with primary insomnia, no organic, psychiatric or neurological causes of sleep disorders are recorded. Secondary insomnia is the result of various diseases, taking stimulants or any unfavorable external conditions. Sleep disorders can be acute (transient), short-term (up to 6 months), and chronic (over six months). Acute sleep disorders can occur in any person under the influence of stress, overexcitation or changes in the time zone. Chronic insomnia develops in people prone to it. Usually, this condition affects elderly patients, women, people who, for one reason or another, sleep no more than 5 hours a day, as well as those who have not been at work for a long time, who suffer from marital separation, psychological and mental injuries. chronic diseases [6- 9]. Possible causes of sleep disorders: difficulty falling asleep - the most common complaints of patients. The desire for sleep that a person experiences before going to bed, but it disappears when a person goes to bed under the influence of various factors. It can be unpleasant thoughts and memories, discomfort in the legs, pain or itching, or inability to find a comfortable position due to extraneous sounds. Mild drowsiness is disturbed even with the slightest noise, and sometimes the sleeping person thinks that he "didn't sleep for a minute [10-14]. Problems with waking up in the early morning are observed in older people, people suffering from depressive disorders and panic attacks. As a rule, sleep is stopped at 4-5 in the morning and does not continue. Immediately after waking up, the patient notices a stream of negative thoughts over them. In the morning and during the day, they complain of a "disturbed" state, they have a decrease in performance and constant drowsiness [15-17]. Sleep can be defined as the state of the body's relative calm and external influences characterized by a much greater increase in sensory perception compared to that during the refreshment period, with a regular recurrence and easy retrograde. Sleep in the norm is a periodic process, which consists of several successive stages: Ye-sleep (from English — the rapid movement of autumns) or rapid sleep stage – TUB this stage is observed with a high activity of the brain, which is close to refreshment, in contrast to other periods of sleep. At night, 4-5 periods of Ye sleep are observed, with a total time of 1.5-2 hours. The deepest and most peaceful sleep (delta-sleep) falls on the first hours. In the norm, sleep passes in 4 stages. EEG results are used in the definition of sleep stages [18-21]. Trigger in EEG-the frequency of waves in 1 second fluctuated from 8 to 12 and has a mixed, low amplitude frequency. 131 Yanvar, 2025-Yil Phase I is the superficial stage of sleep and has a low amplitude, 3-7 vibrational frequency at 1 second, regular activity. Phase II-Eegda K — complex is a three-phase wave complex with a frequency of 12-14 oscillations per second (“sleep urchins”). Phase III-delta waves, with high amplitude activity, oscillate 0.5-2.5 times per 1 second (50% of the total length of EEG). Phase IV-delta waves account for 50% or more of the total length of the curve (phases III and IV are the "slow sleep" phase). In the Ye stage, the EEG has the appearance of a