THE STUDY OF SOLAR PANELS AND THE INFLUENCE OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FACTORS ON THEIR OPERATION.

Аннотация

In this article, opinions and observations are presented on the impact of internal and external factors in the operation of solar panels. In the relentless pursuit of sustainable energy sources, solar power has emerged as a frontrunner, harnessing the sun's inexhaustible energy to meet the world's growing demand for electricity. The effectiveness of solar panels, however, is not solely dependent on the intensity of sunlight. A myriad of internal and external factors come into play, shaping the efficiency and overall performance of these photovoltaic wonders. At the core of every solar panel lies the solar cell, the elemental unit responsible for converting sunlight into electricity. The type of solar cell technology employed significantly impacts a panel's efficiency. Traditional silicon-based cells, while widely used, have limitations in terms of flexibility and cost. Emerging technologies, such as thin-film and organic solar cells, aim to address these drawbacks, offering potential advancements in efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and adaptability. Key words: solar panels, internal factors, external factors, operation process, solar energy, photovoltaic cells, silicon technology, environmental impact, geographic location, solar irradiance, temperature management. ИЗУЧЕНИЕ СОЛНЕЧНЫХ ПАНЕЛЕЙ И ВЛИЯНИЕ ВНУТРЕННИХ И ВНЕШНИХ ФАКТОРОВ НА ИХ РАБОТУ. Аннотация. В этой статье представлены мнения и наблюдения о влиянии внутренних и внешних факторов на работу солнечных панелей. В неустанном стремлении к устойчивым источникам энергии солнечная энергия вышла в лидеры, используя неисчерпаемую энергию солнца для удовлетворения растущего мирового спроса на электроэнергию. Однако эффективность солнечных панелей зависит не только от интенсивности солнечного света. В игру вступают множество внутренних и внешних факторов, определяющих эффективность и общую производительность этих фотоэлектрических чудес. В основе каждой солнечной панели лежит солнечный элемент — элемент, отвечающий за преобразование солнечного света в электричество. Тип используемой технологии солнечных элементов существенно влияет на эффективность панели. Традиционные элементы на основе кремния, хотя и широко используются, имеют ограничения с точки зрения гибкости и стоимости. Новые технологии, такие как тонкопленочные и органические солнечные элементы, направлены на устранение этих 169 ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Valume 2 Issue 1 недостатков, предлагая потенциальные достижения в эффективности, экономической эффективности и адаптивности. Ключевые слова: солнечные панели, внутренние факторы, внешние факторы, рабочий процесс, солнечная энергия, фотоэлектрические элементы, кремниевая технология, воздействие на окружающую среду, географическое положение, солнечное излучение, управление температурой INTRODUTION. The quality and purity of materials used in manufacturing solar panels play a pivotal role in their efficiency. Impurities and defects in the materials can hinder the movement of electrons, reducing the overall performance of the solar cells. Continuous advancements in material science are aimed at improving the purity of silicon, enhancing the conductivity of materials, and exploring alternative materials with superior photovoltaic properties [1, 164]. Solar cells are a set of individual silicon chambers that generate electricity from solar energy. There are several different advantages to using solar resources: ✓ First and foremost, it is environmentally friendly. Unlike the energy sources currently being used, which cause significant harm to the environment, replacing them is impractical. Solar energy, on the other hand, is absolutely safe for the environment in terms of production and utilization. ✓ Unlike other energy sources, solar energy is inexhaustible. The installation and utilization of solar panels provide an excellent solution. According to NASA research, the sun will continue to radiate its light for another 6.5 billion years. ✓ Solar energy has a very high potential. The amount of energy that can be harnessed for use far exceeds the demand. It is 20 times more than required, making it possible for future generations to effortlessly benefit from this energy without wasting it. ✓ Solar rays reach every point on Earth's surface, not limited to countries located near the equator. Even countries in the Northern Hemisphere can easily benefit from solar energy. Currently, Germany leads in the utilization of this energy among countries. ✓ It is inexhaustible. There is no depletion of resources in the production and utilization of solar energy. ✓ It is cost-effective. It requires minimal expenses for utilization. Solar panels, while designed to be durable, are not immune to the accumulation of dust and pollutants on their surfaces [2, 318]. Over time, this layer of debris can obstruct sunlight, reducing the efficiency of the panels. 170 ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Valume 2 Issue 1 Regular cleaning is a simple yet essential m