ANALYSIS OF MORBIDITY RATES BY TYPE OF HELMINTHIASIS

Аннотация

Многие исследователи считают, что факторы передачи яиц гельминтозов: детские горшки, стулья, игрушки и другие предметы, которые соприкасаются с руками. В Узбекистане наиболее важным фактором передачи яиц в сельских условиях являются детские сладости, халва и другие пищевые продукты. Также в распространении возбудителя гименолепидоза в некоторой степени участвуют и мухи. Наличие промежуточного хозяина, несущего яйца остается под вопросом до сих пор. Ключевые слова: Паразиты, патологические изменения, черви, детские дома, эпидемиологическое расследование. Аннотация: Тадқиқотчилар томонидан ўрганилган кўпгина маълумотларга кўра гелминтоз тухумларининг юқиш омиллари: чақалоқ идишлари, стуллар, ўйинчоқлар ва қўллар билан алоқа қиладиган бошқа нарсалар орқали юқуши бизга маълум. Ўзбекистонда қишлоқ шароитида гелминтоз тухуми орқали касалликни юқтиришда энг муҳим омили бўлиб, болалар севиб истъемол қиладиган ширинликлар, ҳолва ва бошқа озиқ-овқат маҳсулотлари ҳисобланади. Шу билан бирга, гименолепидоз патогенининг тарқалишида чивинлар ҳам маълум даражада иштирок этади. Оралиқ тухум қўядиган хўжайиннинг мавжудлиги бугунги кунгача ноаниқ бўлиб қолмоқда. Калит сўзлар: паразитлар, патологик ўзгаришлар, қуртлар, меҳрибонлик уйлари, эпидемиологик изланишлар. Актуальность темы: About 270 species of helminths have been identified worldwide that are parasitic in the human body. Parasitic diseases remain one of the urgent problems of public health (Onishchenko G.G., 2000), which is explained by their widespread occurrence and the ability to cause various pathological changes in the human body (Sergiev V.P., 1998; Katz M., 1975). Parasitic diseases cause serious damage to health, especially dangerous for children (Serov V.P. et al., 1997; Katz M., 7.1 12 2 10 1975; Gendler D. et al., 2003). Parasitoses affect a significant part of the world's population, which leads to serious social and economic consequences (Romanenko N.A., 2005; Olmasov M.M., 2008). Improving the cultural and living standards of the population, improving agricultural and urban hygiene, as well as regular preventive measures against helminthiasis have led to a noticeable decrease in the incidence of parasitic diseases in Uzbekistan. Nevertheless, despite the successes achieved, 10-12 types of helminthiasis are still registered in the republic. Diseases such as enterobiosis, hymenolepidosis, ascariasis, teniarynchosis and trichocephalosis continue to be widespread in some areas. Objective: Early detection and prevention of cases of hymenolepidosis among organized and unorganized preschool children, children entering kindergartens, orphanages, schools and camps, as well as among employees of children's collectives and employees of catering establishments. Research materials: The study used official reports on the incidence of helminthiasis among various population groups provided by the Republican Service for Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare and Public Health, as well as data from epidemiological surveys conducted in epidemic foci. The results of the study: Analyzing the incidence rates of various types of helminthiasis, the following data were obtained. In 2018, 63 cases of ascariasis were identified, of which 49 (77.7%) were children. The infection index among both adults and children was 0.01%, and by 2022 the incidence rate remained at the same level. In the analyzed years, the incidence of hymenolepidosis and enterobiosis among children in Tashkent significantly exceeded those among adults. For example, in 2018, 161 people were infected with hymenolepidosis, 132 of them (81.0%) were children. In 2022, 127 (89.4%) of the 142 cases were children. Also, 96.0% of those with enterobiosis in 2018 and 95.7% in 2022 were children. On the other hand, the incidence of teniarynchosis (84.2% in 2018 and 69.0% in 2022) and echinococcosis (91.3% in 2018 and 81.2% in 2022) was significantly higher among adults. These figures indicate that in the conditions of Tashkent, helminthiasis transmitted by contact (hymenolepidosis and enterobiosis) are most often found, followed by ascariasis, as well as biohelminthiasis such as teniarynchosis and echinococcosis. The analysis of the incidence of helminthiasis among children in Tashkent for the period 2016-2022 is presented in Table 1. Table 1 Cases of helminthiasis among children in the city of Tashkent in 2016-2022. 7.1 13 2 10 7.1 14 sraeY rebmun latot ehT deifirev fo fo rebmun ehT desongaid веачулс fo rebmun ehT denimaxe rednu nerdlihc 41 fo ega eht fo rebmuN sesac desongaid Number of School Preschoolers orphaned students children Number of Number of Number of cases cases cases 2016 568713 10641 419780 10127 1837 2201 6254 2017 590654 10084 446514 9662 1639 1863 5743 2018 575046 9628 426541 9164 1500 2213 5350 2019 568921 9243 429805 8815 1244 2289 5096 2020 569931 9184 431067 8749 1215 2214 4990 2021 558833 7635 425430 7238 1239 2005 3861 2022 551083 7772 421462 7391 1138 2029 3924 Table 1 shows that the incidence of h