COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF CRIMINAL LAW NORMS AIMED AT PROTECTING THE LABOR RIGHTS OF MINORS AND WOMEN IN CERTAIN FOREIGN COUNTRIES

Аннотация

This article presents a comparative analysis of criminal-legal norms aimed at protecting the labor rights of minors and women. Labor rights protection legislation varies across different countries, and this article thoroughly analyzes the legal systems of Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Belarus, and Ukraine. It examines the mechanisms of holding individuals accountable for violations of labor rights related to minors, illegal dismissal of pregnant women, and parents with young children, which differ according to each country’s legal framework. The article provides a detailed overview of the legal foundations of these laws, punitive measures, and their significance in social protection. The analysis identifies similarities and differences in legal norms aimed at protecting labor rights in each country. It also reviews the mechanisms for implementing these laws, their application in judicial practice, and their role in the work of law enforcement agencies. In the conclusion, recommendations for improving labor legislation based on foreign experience are proposed, and the importance of these protection mechanisms is highlighted. This comparative analysis is intended to accelerate efforts to improve labor legislation and make use of advanced foreign practices in effectively safeguarding the labor rights of minors and women. Keywords: labor rights, minors, women’s labor, comparative analysis, criminal-legal norms, labor contract, pregnancy, gender equality, social justice. Labor legislation is one of the important aspects of protecting human rights in every country. In particular, ensuring the labor rights of children, women and vulnerable persons is of great importance for the sustainable development of society and strengthening social justice. In the experience of Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Belarus and Ukraine, laws on the protection of the labor rights of these categories of persons play an important role. This article analyzes the specific features of the current legislation on the protection of the labor rights of children, pregnant women and parents with young children in these countries and discusses their common and distinctive aspects. 142 THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES International scientific-online conference In the Republic of Kazakhstan, liability for crimes related to the labor rights of young people, women and minors is an important issue [1]. Violations of such rights, in particular, such as the illegal termination of an employment contract, refusal of women to conclude an employment contract due to their gender, pregnancy or having children, and the failure to make appropriate decisions in relation to young people and disabled people, pose problems for ensuring social justice in society. Termination of employment contracts for women due to pregnancy or having children under the age of three is a crime. These actions violate the principles of gender equality in society and do not protect women's labor rights. In such cases, this creates problems for employers. Refusing to conclude an employment contract with disabled people or minors or illegally terminating the contract also constitutes a crime. These actions have a negative impact on their social life and can lead to forced labor. Failure to pay wages on time and in full is also a crime. If the employer does not pay wages on time, this harms the financial situation of young people and women, which leads to inequality in society. Protecting the labor rights of young people, women and minors in the Republic of Kazakhstan is undoubtedly important for ensuring social justice and gender equality. The established liability for violations of these rights serves to improve the socio-economic situation of these groups and protect their rights. Also, Article 153 of the Labor Code of Kazakhstan establishes liability for violation of labor legislation in relation to minors. This article is aimed at protecting the labor rights of minors (under 18 years of age) and protecting the working environment. This article establishes a crime for employers or officials to violate labor legislation when engaging minors in labor. Minors, as persons in need of social security and legal protection, deserve special attention and protection in labor relations. This article plays an important role in taking into account the social, physical and mental state of minors, as they may suffer from urgent and unfair working conditions. The second part of the article indicates a number of conditions for committing a crime. If the crime is committed by a group and in advance, this aggravates the level of social danger of the crime. Also, if the crime is repeated or committed against several persons, this may increase the seriousness of the act. Cases of mental disorder of a minor or abuse of their trust lead to very serious consequences. The purpose of this article is to provide an important mechanism for protecting the labor rights of minors. This article aims to