GEOGRAPHY OF THE SPREAD OF VIRUS DISEASES IN UZBEKISTAN AND NOSOGEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENT WAYS TO IMPROVE

Аннотация

In this article, the geography of the spread of viral diseases and ways to improve the nosogeographic environment are analyzed in detail, the main factors of the spread of hepatitis from viral diseases, how they are related to climate, geographical location, and human activity are considered. Viral hepatitis and their spreading mechanisms, as well as environmental conditions that play a role in the epidemic of diseases, are analyzed. The article also defines important directions for the prevention and reduction of viral hepatitis diseases based on modern scientific research. Key words: Viral diseases, distribution geography, nosogeographic environment, epidemic, infectious diseases, health care. The geography of the distribution of diseases in the world and the need to protect public health is one of the most important aspects of global health issues, the spread of diseases depends on many factors, including climate change affects the spread of diseases, climate through changes in conditions, insects or microorganisms that spread diseases enter new areas. The rapid development of cities, population density and deterioration of sanitary conditions lead to the spread of diseases. In urban areas, infectious diseases can spread faster. Diseases can quickly move from one place to another due to population migration and trade. In particular, pandemics (e.g., COVID-19) cause situations of global spread. The conditions and area of providing medical services to the population are also important, and diseases can develop faster in areas without medical assistance. According to the 2024 global hepatitis report of the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of victims of this disease is constantly increasing. Hepatitis is the second leading infectious disease killer in the world, causing 1.3 million deaths per year, the same as tuberculosis, the leading infectious disease killer. This report, presented at the World Hepatitis Summit, highlights that despite improvements in diagnosis and treatment and cheaper medical products, coverage of testing and treatment remains stagnant. But if action is taken now, the WHO's goal of eliminating hepatitis by 2030 will be achievable. New data from 187 countries shows that the estimated number of deaths from viral hepatitis has increased from 1.1 million in 2019 to 1.3 million 34 THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES International scientific-online conference in 2022, with 83% of them caused by hepatitis B and 17% by hepatitis C. Worldwide, 3,500 people die from hepatitis B and C every day [1]. Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver caused by viruses and other infections, alcohol and certain drugs. This leads to a number of health problems, some of which can be fatal. Worldwide, 90 percent of people living with viral hepatitis are unaware of the disease, and 3,000 people die from the disease every day. The WHO Global Hepatitis Strategy, endorsed by WHO member states, aims to reduce new hepatitis infections by 90% and mortality by 65% between 2016 and 2030 [2]. According to WHO reports, children living in Central Asia are at high risk of contracting hepatitis A. In Central Asia, the most common ways of contracting this virus are poor hygiene and eating contaminated water or unprotected food, especially fruits and vegetables. Other common factors contributing to the spread of hepatitis A are migration, low levels of economic development, and lack of access to clean drinking water. Hepatitis A is a viral infection that affects the liver and is usually spread through contaminated water or food. The risk of hepatitis A for children living in Central Asia depends on many factors, including lack of hygiene, as well as lack of clean drinking water and sanitation, which can lead to the spread of hepatitis A. A hepatitis A vaccine is available, but distribution and uptake varies by region. The risk of infection may be higher in areas with low vaccination rates. Food storage and preparation conditions can also increase the risk of illness [5]. To combat this problem, measures such as strengthening the health system, implementation of vaccination programs and promotion of hygiene rules are being taken by countries and international organizations. In Uzbekistan, hepatitis (inflammation of the liver) is widespread in various forms, especially hepatitis A, B, C, D and E. Hepatitis is a problem that seriously threatens health in Uzbekistan, and several factors influence its spread [3, 4]. When analyzing the geography of the spread of hepatitis, the following conclusions can be drawn: - The spread of viral hepatitis diseases is directly related to carelessness in sanitation, quality of medical services, drinking water supply and medical practices. These factors create favorable conditions for disease transmission, especially in rural areas. Even if medical services are well developed in big cities, poor sanitary and hygienic conditions in rural areas and lack of qualifie