NARRATIVE TECHNIQUES IN EXPERIMENTAL LITERATURE AND THEIR IMPACT ON STORYTELLING

Аннотация

This article describes narrative techniques in experimental literature and their impact on storytelling. The author summarizes the results of research by domestic and foreign scientists, and names the criteria for distinguishing between narrative forms that they have identified. Keywords: narrative techniques, literature, narrative strategy, subject of utterance, storytelling. Narrative device (narrative technique), also known in literary studies as literary technique, a literary device is a specialized method that an author uses to convey what the reader wants [1]; it is a strategy used in creating a narrative to convey information to the reader and, in particular, to develop the narrative, usually to make it more complete, complex, or interesting [2]. The concept of "narrative technique" is widely used in narrative theory (narratology) and is applied to refer to the sum of the narrative devices used by an author when writing literary works. [3] A narrative technique is a specific type of literary device that is used in storytelling. Some narrative techniques are widely used and can be found in most stories, while others are common strictly in certain genres. One of the most widely used narrative techniques is the "inciting incident" - this is the moment in the story when everything changes for the protagonist, marking the point at which the central conflict comes into play. There are narrative techniques such as:  Setting (room, installation, environment) - is the environment in which the action takes place; place, time and conditions of the action. Setting can be considered in board and computer games, films, works of art, news, etc. By describing the setting, the user defines the properties of reality modeled by the media product. Setting is both time and geographic location in the narrative. The literary element "setting" initiates the main background and mood of the story, often called the world of the story. In James Joyce's novel Ulysses (1922), all the action takes place in one city (Dublin) on one day (June 16, 1904).  Backstory- is the story that precedes the events of the story being told—past events or backstory that give meaning to the current circumstances. Although The Lord of the Rings trilogy takes place in a relatively short period, towards the end of the year 3021 of the Third Age, the narrative provides insight 87 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference into mythological and historical events that occurred earlier in the Third Age that preceded the action of the novel, as well as in the First and Second Ages.  Cliffhanger - is an artistic device in creating a storyline (mainly in films and television series), during which the hero is faced with a difficult dilemma or the consequences of his or her own or someone else's actions, but at this point the narrative ends, thus leaving the outcome open until the sequel appears. . This device is often used by writers to increase the likelihood that viewers will be interested in the sequel in the hope of finding out how the story ends. Cliffhangers ended all episodes (except, naturally, the last one) of American film series from the 1930s to 1950s (for example, "The Mysterious Doctor Satan", "The Man from the Martian Flying Disc"); now this device is often used in television series as well (for example, "Dexter", "Breaking Bad")[2].  An unreliable narrator is a character who tells a story that is deliberately unreliable. This violates the implicit contract between the author and the reader that events must be described accurately.[1] Such a narrator distorts the ending by revealing, almost always at the end of the narrative, that he or she has manipulated or fabricated the previous story, thereby causing the reader to question their previous assumptions about the text.[2] Such a narrator is insincere or biased in their narrative and may mislead the reader by concealing or downplaying events, characters, or motives. For example: Agatha Christie's detective novel “The Murder of Roger Ackroyd”, which features a twist ending in which the protagonist, physician James Sheppard, confesses what an unreliable narrator he has been in the last chapter.  Framing or Plot within a Plot is a type of composition of a narrative work in which one or more plot units (novellas, fairy tales, fables, parables) are united by including them in an independent plot or non-plot unit - a frame. Non- plot element of the narrative: a fragment of the text of a work of fiction that is not directly related to the main narrative, but subordinated to the main idea of the work [3]. The main story that generates a connecting series of shorter stories. Examples: Panchatantra, Kalila va Dimna, One Thousand and One Nights, The Decameron, in Stephen King's novel The Wind Through the Keyhole, the main character tells his companions a story from his past, and in it he tells another relatively unrelated story.  A flashback is a fictional device,