Криптовалютное законодательство Узбекистана: обзор

Аннотация

Калит сўзлар: Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekistonda kriptovalyutani tartibga kriptovalyuta, solish sohasidagi amaldagi qonunchilik muhokama qilinadi. kriptovalyutani tartibga Asosiy e'tibor davlatning qarashlari, tartibga soluvchi organning solish sohasidagi funktsiyalari va roli, tartibga solish yo'nalishi, ishlatiladigan qonunchilik, kripto-aktiv, asosiy atamalar va ta'riflar, kriptovalyuta bozori sub'ektlarini moliyaviy xizmatlar soliqqa tortishga qaratilgan. Ushbu maqola kriptovalyuta qonunchiligi sohasida ishlaydigan mutaxassislar uchun foydali bo'ladi. 1 Senior Lecturer, Tashkent State University of Law. E-mail: hamdambek@gmail.com Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special Issue – 06 (2023) / ISSN 2181-1415 Криптовалютное законодательство Узбекистана: обзор АННОТАЦИЯ Ключевые слова: В данной статье рассматривается действующее криптовалюта, законодательство в сфере регулирования криптовалюты в законодательство в сфере Узбекистане. Основной акцент сделан на взглядах регулирования государства, функциях и роли регулирующего органа, криптовалюты, крипто-актив, направлении регулирования, основных используемых финансовые услуги. терминах и определениях, налогообложении субъектов криптовалютного рынка. Эта статья будет полезна специалистам, работающим в области криптовалютного законодательства. In recent years, rapid technological advances have resulted in a sea change to the way most of the world conducts and regulates financial services [1]. As Professor Hileman has observed: “Many policymakers are seeking to gain a better understanding of the likelihood that the use of bitcoin (or other cryptocurrencies) will gather momentum in their respective jurisdictions” [2]. Regulation of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology has long been debated in Uzbekistan, as to what kind of regulation (soft or hard) to implement. In the end, the government decided to choose a more careful way of regulating this sphere. The most important point is that the government defined cryptocurrencies as assets, not as a means of payment or securities. According to the latest definition, a crypto-asset is a property right, which is a set of digital records in a distributed data registry, which has a value and an owner. But the question of whether a crypto-asset is (or can be issued, and traded) as a financial instrument (securities) or when crypto-assets can be considered securities remains open. In European Union, with the adoption of MICA (May 2023), the regulation distinguishes the following types of crypto-assets, e-money tokens (crypto-assets that stabilize their value in relation to a single official currency); asset-referenced tokens (crypto- assets that stabilize their value in relation to other assets or a basket of assets); crypto-assets other than asset-referenced tokens or e-money tokens (e.g. utility tokens) [3]. In this article, we shall review the legislation of Uzbekistan and discuss some of the characteristics of regulation of this sphere. I. Regulatory body The main regulatory body of the crypto sphere is The National Agency of perspective projects of the Republic of Uzbekistan (hereinafter referred to as the Agency) which was established in 2017 [4]. The responsibility of this organization includes the development and implementation of a unified state policy in the sphere of crypto-assets and their circulation. Moreover, this organization should assist in initiating and promoting projects to introduce distributed ledger technology and other cutting-edge technologies to public administration and different socio-economic sectors. II. Legislation The first time that the government of Uzbekistan began taking steps to regulate cryptocurrencies and other blockchain technologies was in 2018. On July 3, 2018 the President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev adopted the resolution No. RP-3832 “On measures to develop the digital economy and the sphere of crypto-assets circulation in the Republic of Uzbekistan”. 348 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special Issue – 06 (2023) / ISSN 2181-1415 On 27 of April, 2022, the President of Uzbekistan adopted a Decree No. DP-121 which dramatically changed the regulation of crypto technologies in Uzbekistan. According to the Decree, the Agency establishes a Special Regulation Regime in the Sphere of Crypto Assets Circulation (Special Regulatory Sandboxes Regime), which provides for the creation of special organizational and legal conditions for legal entities implementing technologies in the sphere of crypto assets circulation. Participants of the special regime, after registration in accordance with the established procedure, carry out the implementation of pilot projects without obtaining licenses and permits in the field of circulation of crypto-assets. As part of the implementation of pilot projects in a special regime, there are benefits and preferences provided for by legislative acts. The term for the implementation