Роль Авиценны в медицине: значимость научных трудов Ибн Сина в исследовании болезней

Аннотация

Ключевые слова: В статье описывается биография крупнейшего врача- Авиценна, ученого Авиценны, его опыт изучения медицины, а также 450 трудов по 29 отраслям его труды в области медицины. науки, Абу-л-Мансур Камари, лечение эмира, придворный врач, библиотека Саманидов, «Канон врачебной науки», «Книга врачевания», ряд медицинских трудов. Abu Ali Hussein ibn Abdullah ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Sina known in Europe as Avicenna – a medieval Persian scientist, representative of Eastern Aristotelianism, a great physician who can be compared with Hippocrates and Galen, mathematician, physicist, chemist, specialist in animal physiology, philosopher ... Avicenna was born in the city of Afshana near Bukhara in 980. He was the court physician of the Samanid emirs, and for some time was also the vizier in the state of Hamadan. The famous scientist wrote more than 450 works in 29 fields of science, of which only 274 have survived. Abu Ali ibn Sina was considered the most influential and famous philosopher-scientist of the medieval Islamic world. In his young 12 years, Avicenna began to study the science of healing on the advice of the famous physician of the time, Abu Salah al-Masihi. “Then I became addicted to studying the science of medicine, and began to read books on medicine. And medical science is not a difficult science, and of course, I succeeded in it especially, and in a short time so that the famous doctors of that time began to come to me for I also visited the sick, which taught me many methods of treatment that cannot be found in books. As a result of my experience, such healing paths opened up before me that it defies description. And I was at that time only 16 years old” – wrote Cena in his autobiography. 311 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special Issue – 01 (2022) / ISSN 2181-1415 He studied medicine ibn Sina under the guidance of Abu-l-Mansur Kamari, the most famous Bukhara doctor at that time, but his training with Kamari did not last long. Soon Ibn Sina quickly began to practice independently and became such a famous doctor that he was invited to the palace to treat the seriously ill Emir of Bukhara Nukh ibn Mansur. In his autobiography, Ibn Sina recalls this as: “Once the emir fell ill, and the doctors could not determine his illness. They knew my name then, and they told the emir about me and asked to summon me. I participated with the court doctors in the treatment and distinguished myself in this service to him, after which he awarded me the title of vizier”. Having received the position of vizier, Sina made enemies for himself in military circles. Soon the emir decided to remove him from his post and send him out of his possessions. Forty days later, the emir suffered another attack of illness, which again forced him to find the scientist and reappoint him as his vizier. In gratitude for the healing of Ibn-Sina, the emir allows access to the famous repository of Samanid books, the Bukhara library. The most famous and valuable books of that time were kept in this book depository. The scientist used the Samanid library for several years. During this time of work in the Bukhara library, the great doctor had the idea to create a generalizing work on medicine, where one could find the name of the disease with all its symptoms, as well as indicate why the disease arises and how it can be healed. To translate this idea into reality, Ibn Sina made the necessary extracts from various books, scripts, periodically summarizing them. So the preparation of the material for the most famous work of the doctor “Canon of Medicine”, which Sina visited for many years of his life, began. The foundations of the two works that made the glory of Ibn Sina, the Canon of Medicine (Al-Qanun fit-t-tibb) and the Book of Healing (Kitab ash-Shifa), were laid in Khorezm, or rather in the city of Urgench. The “Canon of Medicine” was begun in Khorezm in 1000 and finished around 1020. This medical encyclopedia became a medical text in many medieval universities and was used until 1650. In the 13th century, certain fragments from the “Canon of Medicine” were translated into Armenian, which suggests that this greatest book was used not only in the East, but also in the West. From the 12th to the 17th centuries, doctors from many countries of the East and West studied the basics of their science according to the “Canon”. The Arabic text of the Canon was published in full only once (in 4 volumes, Rome, 1593), but there are many translations of it into Latin. The most thorough of these belongs to the Tribe. In his work “Canon of Medicine” Avicenna writes that a doctor should have “eyes like a falcon, the hands of a girl, a heart like a lion and the wisdom of a snake”. In this book, Cena wrote the assumption that some tiny creatures can cause disease. The idea that infectious diseases are caused by bacteria was suggested by Ibn Sina 800 years before Louis Pasteur. He was also the first to draw attent