Правила интерпретации техники навыков письма

Аннотация

s to be useful, they must be professionally compiled [5]. METHODS When starting from scratch, searching for the literature can take a lot of work. That is why researchers who dedicate their careers to a research problem are in the perfect position to review the literature. Since most graduate students begin their projects by outlining the research questions that have been completed [6], some graduate schools now offer literature review courses. However, most scientists may not have considered in detail how to conduct a literature review. Literature review requires the ability to handle multiple tasks, from finding and evaluating relevant materials to synthesizing information from various sources, from critical thinking to paraphrasing, evaluation, and citation skills [7]. In this article, I shared ten simple rules that I learned as a doctoral and postdoc in approximately 25 literature reviews. Ideas and insights also come from discussions with co-authors and colleagues, as well as comments from reviewers and editors. How to choose a review topic? There are so many questions in contemporary science that you could spend a lifetime attending lectures and reading literature wondering what to review. For one thing, if it takes you a few years to make up your mind, other people may have the same idea during this period. On the other hand, only well thought out topics can guide an excellent literature review [8]. The topic must at least be:  Very interesting to you (ideally, you should find some recent articles related to your work and decide to make a critical summary),  A key aspect of the field (many readers will be curious about the review, and there will be enough material to write it), and  A well-defined topic (otherwise it might contain thousands of posts, which might make comments useless). 68 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special Issue – 6 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415 Ideas for possible comments can come from articles that provide a list of key research questions to be answered [9], or from accidental moments in out-of-line reading and discussions. In addition to choosing a topic, you must also choose your target audience. In many cases, topics (for example, Web services in computational biology) automatically define the audience (for example, computational biologists), but the same topic may also arouse interest in neighboring fields (for example, computer science, biology, etc.) . . After having chosen your topic and audience, start by checking the literature and downloading relevant papers. Five pieces of advice here:  keep track of the search items you use (so that your search can be replicated [10],  keep a list of papers whose pdfs you cannot access immediately (so as to retrieve them later with alternative strategies),  use a paper management system  define early in the process some criteria for exclusion of irrelevant papers (these criteria can then be described in the review to help define its scope), and  do not just look for research papers in the area you wish to review, but also seek previous reviews.  discussing in your review the approaches, limitations, and conclusions of past reviews,  trying to find a new angle that has not been covered adequately in the previous reviews, and  incorporating new material that has inevitably accumulated since their appearance. When searching for related articles and reviews in the literature, the usual rules apply:  Completely,  Use different keywords and database sources (such as DBLP, Google Scholar, ISI Proceedings, JSTOR Search, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science) and  See who has cited relevant previous book chapters and articles. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION If you read the article first and then start to write comments, you will need a very good memory to remember who wrote what, and their impressions and associations when reading each article. My suggestion is to write interesting data snippets, ideas on how to organize comments and thoughts on the content of the writing while reading. This way, when you read the selected literature, you may have already obtained a draft of the review. Of course, this draft still requires a lot of rewriting, reorganization, and rethinking to get a text with coherent arguments [11], but you have avoided the danger of viewing blank documents. If you are temporarily copying verbatim from a document, be careful to use quotes when taking notes. Therefore, it is recommended to restate these quotes in your own words in the final draft. When writing references that are already at this stage, be careful to avoid false attributions. Using the reference software in the early stages of your efforts will save you time. After taking notes while reading the literature, you may have a rough idea of the number of fabrics available for review. This may be a good time to decide whether to travel for a minimum or full review. In recent years, some magazines prefer to publish fairly short prof