IRRIGATION METHODS OF WINTER WHEAT GROWN ON PASTURE SOILS

Аннотация

The results of the research conducted on the scientifically based irrigation procedure of winter wheat grown in conditions of meadow alluvial soils of the Tashkent region, taking into account the amount of atmospheric precipitation and the depth of seepage water are described. Keywords: soils, winter wheat, water resources, irrigation procedures, biological characteristics. СПОСОБЫ ОРОШЕНИЯ ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ, ВЫРАЩЕННОЙ НА ПАСТБИЩНЫХ ПОЧВАХ Аннотация.Описаны результаты исследований, проведенных по научно обоснованному порядку орошения озимой пшеницы, выращиваемой в условиях лугово- аллювиальных почв Ташкентской области, с учетом количества атмосферных осадков и глубины просачивания воды. Ключевые слова: почвы, озимая пшеница, водные ресурсы, порядок орошения, биологические характеристики. 1 Introduction Economical and efficient use of available water resources has become one of the pressing issues in our arid environment with limited water resources. Due to the transition to new forms of ownership in agriculture - peasants and farms, the type of crops and the structure of their placement have changed dramatically. Such changes taking place in agriculture began to have an active influence on the order of water use in irrigation systems, the water regime and balance of the soil. The change in the water regime of the soil, in turn, requires the appropriate stratification of the irrigation regime of the cultivated crops. Currently, there is a need to develop scientifically based irrigation procedures taking into account the climatic, soil, hydrogeological, relief conditions of the reclamation area, the type of cultivated crop, its composition, its role in crop rotation, and its biological characteristics. 2 Materials and methods The purpose and tasks of scientific work: The main goal of the scientific research is to develop a scientifically based irrigation procedure for winter wheat grown in conditions of meadow alluvial soils of the Tashkent region, taking into account the amount of atmospheric precipitation and the depth of seepage water. Specific tasks that serve to solve this problem include the following:  Study of the soil conditions (type, mechanical composition, structure, water-physical properties and fertility) of the experiment site;  To study the effect of irrigation of winter wheat in different order on the order of water;  to study the effect of different irrigation methods on the growth, development and productivity of winter wheat and on the quality of the grain; 1 04 3 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2024 VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 6 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ  determination of moderate irrigation methods of winter wheat depending on the amount of atmospheric precipitation and the amount of water in the conditions of meadow soils;  to determine the water needs of winter wheat in terms of general and growth periods and their constituent elements;  determining the bioclimatic coefficient of winter wheat for specific conditions;  to determine the economic efficiency of different irrigation methods. Novelty of scientific work. For the first time, the water requirement of winter wheat in terms of general and main growth periods was determined in conditions of meadow alluvial soils. Also, the order of moderate irrigation of winter wheat (terms, number of irrigations, annual and seasonal irrigation norms) was determined, taking into account the level of water supply of the year, the depth of groundwater, and measures to prepare the field for planting. Practical importance of scientific work: In the cultivation of winter wheat in the conditions of meadow alluvial soils, irrigation before plowing the land, providing seed water immediately after planting, and during the growing season, the soil moisture before irrigation is not less than 70-80-65% compared to its ChDNS. Necessary scientific recommendations for production were developed on the irrigation method that allows economical use. 3 Results and discussion Irrigation procedures, i.e. irrigation periods, number and rates, are of great importance for the comfortable growth and abundant harvest of winter wheat under irrigated conditions. Irrigation procedures for most crops, including winter wheat, largely depend on the type of soil, its mechanical composition, water-physical properties, productivity, salinity level, the depth of groundwater, the amount of atmospheric precipitation during the growing season, air temperature and relative humidity, wind activity, depends on the biological characteristics of the plant, planting period, seedling thickness and other factors. It is very important to develop irrigation measures for cultivated crops taking into account these factors. It is known that winter grain crops, including winter wheat, differ from other crops in that they go through two stages during the growth and development period: in the first stage, wheat germinates after being planted in the fall, graz