Механизмы токсического действия внутриуточного и раннего посленатального воздействия пестицидов на развитие иммунной системы потома

Аннотация

The aim of the study was to iden fy the mechanisms of the toxic effect of intrauterine and early postnatal exposure to pes cides on the development of the immune system of offspring. Experiments were performed on white adult female rats, which are obtained respec vely pes cides cyhalothrin or fipronil during the pregnancy and lacta on periods. The offspring from experimental and control animals have been studied on days 3, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days a�er birth using morphology, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and biochemistry methods. In was shown, that the toxic effect of pes cide exposure through the maternal organism during pregnancy and lacta on is manifested in the form of a viola on of the growth and forma on of the thymus, as well as thymus-dependent zones of the peripheral organs of the immune system. In the mechanism of immunotoxic effect of pes cides a leading role plays the imbalance between prolifera on and cells apoptosis of the thymus, caused both by direct toxic effects of drugs, and by the development of hypothyroidism and oxida ve stress. Аннотация: Целью исследования было выявление механизмов токсического воздействия внутриутробного и раннего постнатального воздействия пестицидов на развитие иммунной системы потомства. Эксперименты проводились на белых взрослых крысах-самках, которые получали соответственно пестициды цигалотрин или фипронил в периоды беременности и лактации. Потомство от экспериментальных и контрольных животных изучали на 3, 7, 14, 21 и 30-й дни после рождения с использованием методов морфологии, электронной микроскопии, иммуногистохимии и биохимии. В работе было показано, что токсический эффект воздействия пестицидов через материнский организм во время беременности и лактации проявляется в виде нарушения роста и формирования тимуса, а также тимусзависимых зон периферических органов иммунной системы. В механизме иммунотоксического действия пестицидов ведущую роль играет дисбаланс между пролиферацией и апоптозом клеток тимуса, вызванный как прямым токсическим воздействием лекарственных препаратов, так и развитием гипотиреоза и окислительного стресса. Annotatsiya: Tadqiqotning maqsadi pes tsidlarning intrauterin va tug'ruqdan keyingi erta ta'sirining nasl immun zimining rivojlanishiga toksik ta'sir mexanizmlarini aniqlash edi. Tajribalar homiladorlik va laktatsiya davrida mos ravishda cygalotrin yoki fipronil pes tsidlarini olgan oq ka alar urg'ochi kalamushlarida o'tkazildi. Eksperimental va nazorat hayvonlarining avlodlari tug'ilgandan keyingi 3, 7, 14, 21 va 30-kunlarda morfologiya, elektron mikroskopiya, immunohistokimyo va biokimyo usullaridan foydalangan holda o'rganilgan. Ishda homiladorlik va laktatsiya davrida onaning tanasi orqali pes tsid ta'sirining toksik ta'siri musning o'sishi va shakllanishining buzilishi, shuningdek immunitet zimining periferik organlarining musga bog'liq zonalari sifa da namoyon bo'lishi ko'rsa lgan. Pes tsidlarning immunotoksik ta'sir mexanizmida mus hujayralarining ko'payishi va apoptozi o'rtasidagi nomutanosiblik etakchi ro'l o'ynaydi, bu dorilarning to'g'ridan-to'g'ri toksik ta'siri, shuningdek hipo roidizm va oksidlovchi stressning rivojlanishi na jasida yuzaga keladi. Keywords: pes cides; developmental immunotoxicity; postnatal ontogenesis; thymus; immune system; apoptosis; cells prolifera on. 24 Alfraganus 1 (6) 2024 xalqaro ilmiy jurnali oxidation, as well as a pronounced using the Student’s test and P values INTRODUCTION induction of apoptosis of cells in the <0.05 were considered significant. organs of offspring [9; 10; 13; 14]. All this The immune system, along with served as the basis for further studies of RESULTS AND DISCUSSION the endocrine and nervous the mechanisms of immunotoxicity of systems, is extremely sensitive to development in the immune system of Morphometric studies have shown the effects of various environmental offspring. that exposure to pesticides through the pollutants. Pesticides are one of the most The aim of the study was to identify maternal organism significantly slows common pollutants of the environment. the mechanisms of the toxic effect of the rate of postnatal growth and the Widespread use of pesticides in intrauterine and early postnatal exposure formation of the immune system of agriculture, in everyday life and public to pesticides on the development of the offspring. Thus, the growth rate of the health causes their entry into the human immune system of offspring. thymus lobule area under the influence body and animals. Adverse effects of LCT by 10-15%, and when FPN is of pesticides on the immune system MATERIAL AND METHODS applied, it is 15-30% lagging behind are defined as immunotoxicity, which the control parameters (P1, P2 <0.05). implies the violation of certain functions Experiments were performed on The area occupied by the cortical zone of the immune system under the influence nulliparous, white adult female rats, of the thymus decreased by 15-25% of a toxic