ОСОБЕННОСТИ АРТ-ТЕРАПИИ У БОЛЬНЫХ ПАРАНОИДНОЙ ШИЗОФРЕНИЕЙ

Аннотация

primary spinal cord tumors are combined with many independent tumors that develop from the spinal parenchyma, its roots, membranes, vertebrae and other structures, which are involved in the formation of the spinal canal, differing in localization, histological structure, clinical development and course prognosis. According to the International Classification of diseases, 10 revisions (ICD 10) distinguish primary spinal cord tumors as benign, malignant histological structure, and cranial nerve spinal tumors. Key words: Spinal tumors, neurosurgical and mental disorders, pathology of the nervous system in adults. ОБЩАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ПСИХИЧЕСКИХ НАРУШЕНИЙ У ЛЮДЕЙ ПОЖИЛОГО ВОЗРАСТА С ОПУХОЛЯМИ СПИННОГО МОЗГА (ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫЙ ОБЗОР) Аннотация. Первичные опухоли спинного мозга сочетаются со многими самостоятельными опухолями, развивающимися из паренхимы спинного мозга, его корешков, оболочек, позвонков и других структур, участвующих в формировании позвоночного канала, различающихся по локализации, гистологическому строению, клиническому развитию и прогноз курса. Согласно Международной классификации болезней 10 ревизии (МКБ 10) различают первичные опухоли спинного мозга как доброкачественные, злокачественные по гистологической структуре и опухоли черепно- мозговых нервов. Ключевые слова: опухоли позвоночника, нейрохирургические и психические расстройства, патология нервной системы у взрослых. Introduction. Spinal cord tumors make up 2% of all neoplasms and 3% of the pathology of the nervous system in adults, compared to brain tumors, they occur in proportion 1:9 [1]. Most often, spinal tumors are observed in a socially active group of people aged 30-50 years, which determines the relevance of this problem. Based on the data of statistical analysis of adults with spinal cord tumors in Crimea, the following distribution of neoplasms by localization was noted. Cervical tumors accounted for 19 %, thoracic – 47 %, lumbosacral-23%, kauda equina and terminal filament – 11%, corresponding to literature data [2]. More than 4/5 of all neoplasms are localized in the thoracic and lumbosacral parts of the spinal cord, and in women 2.5 times more than in men. Two main groups of tumors were 3 8 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2024 VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ distinguished: 1) intramedules located inside the spinal substance; 2) extramedullary tumors that grow outside the spinal cord and cause its compression. Extramedullary tumors are extradural and subdural in relation to dura mater [3]. Diagnosis of spinal cord tumors included clinical and neurological examination in conjunction with additional examination methods. Contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was the main and mandatory modern stage of neuroimaging of spinal cord tumors. Other techniques such as spinal radiography, myelography, cerebrospinal fluid testing have been included in a comprehensive examination, but have been carried out according to guidelines [4]. It should be noted that the use of Mrtangiography allows the detection of spinal vascular neoplasms such as angioma and hemangioma in 6-13% of cases [5]. Extramedullary tumors are four times more frequent than intramedullary tumors, with neurin (1/3) and meningioma (1/4) predominating. Lipomas, angiomas, dermoid cysts, epidermoids, and teratomas are less common [5]. Among intramedullary tumors, ependymomas are most common (11-12% of the total number of neoplasms). Astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, glioblastomas and spongioblastomas accounted for 31% of all vertebrates, the most common being astrocytomas (second only to ependym) [6]. MRI was one of the most informative diagnostic methods [7]. The use of MRI made it possible to see the spinal cord and spine along its entire length and determine the location of the tumor. The accumulation of a contrast substance in the tumor stroma allows you to assess not only the spread of the tumor process, but also the histological structure of the tumor (Figure 1). With intramedullary tumors, MRI showed an increase in the volume of the spinal cord with rigid or cystic components of the neoplasm, often with uneven contours. In the tumor infiltration zone, altered sizes of spinal diameter sometimes increased by 1.5–2 times the normal shapes [8]. In extramedullary tumors, spinal compression was found in MRI, with the expansion of the subarachnoid space in the process zone, often with the destruction of spinal canal structures. Computed tomography in some cases helped to establish a differential diagnosis between extramedullary and intramedullary tumors with osteolytic or osteoblastic changes in the spine [9- 11]. In patients with spinal neoplasms, a ligurological examination made it possible to identify changes in the structure of the cerebrospinal fluid characteristic of the tumor process: protein-cell dissociation, increased clotting of the cerebrospinal fluid with normal amounts of protein in the cerebrospinal