Theoretical Aspects of the Study of Autobiographical Prose in Russian Literary Criticism

Аннотация

The article examines the theoretical aspects of the study of autobiographical prose in Russian literary criticism. The history of the formation and development of Russian autobiographical prose goes back several centuries. Against the background of the widespread dissemination of notes, diaries, and biographies in the public consciousness in the second half of the 19th century, Russian autobiographical prose flourished. The question of the specifics of the narrator’s self-identification becomes important when studying autobiographical texts. This is expressed in the coverage of the internal development of personality in the work, in the evolution of the author’s consciousness, in the description of the eventful side of life, which turns into facts of his biography. INTRODUCTION autobiography” covers only the personal sphere of the writer’s life, without entering the space of national life. But there is no doubt that such works of Yu. Among the subjects of the humanitarian cycle, a Polyakov as the family saga-trilogy “I Planned an special role belongs to literature, which forms the Escape”, “The Mushroom King”, the novel “Little sphere of human sensory knowledge of the world Goat in Milk”, the story “Apothegeus”, carry around us. This aesthetic, truly human form of unconditional signs of autobiographical prose, the cognition of objective reality, developed in “value center” of which, according to M. Bakhtin’s communication with any type of art, acquires a definition, consists of “social and, above all, family universal character and extends to all spheres of values... organizing a private form of life” [3]. From activity. In the current practice of teaching Russian this point of view, Yu. Polyakov is one of the literature, general and special techniques for brightest contemporary writers who continue the activating the mental activity of students serve mainly Bunin tradition. to assimilate historical and literary knowledge and theoretical and literary concepts and, to a lesser extent, to master the necessary skills for independent LITERATURE REVIEW work with text and the development of creative imagination, which together constitute reading skills. Despite a number of scientific and In modern literary criticism, the concept of methodological studies conducted in recent years: “autobiographicalism” still has no definite T.G. Braje, G.I. Belenky, V.G. Marantsman, M.V. boundaries. Some critics and literary scholars Cherkezova, L.B. Todorov, S.K. Biryukova, M.M. understand this term as documentary literature, others Savchenko, N.N. Verbovaya, N.S. Rusina, I.S. as confessional, but both agree on one opinion - that Zbarsky and others, the problem of analyzing a work biographical literature is based on facts from the of art continues to be one of the most difficult and far writer’s personal life, which he needs to build a plot from resolved. Many researchers emphasize the need and reveal the characters’ characters. In this sense, to find new ways and methods of studying a literary Yuri Polyakov’s prose is undoubtedly work that would be more consistent with its autobiographical, i.e. it contains both documentary specificity, its aesthetic essence. and confessional content at the same time, regardless It should be noted that the issue of developing of whether, for example, his future biographers reading skills in students during the literary analysis establish or do not establish any parallels between the of autobiographical works remains insufficiently image of the author-narrator from the novel “Little resolved in methodological science, which forced us Goat” in milk" and the face of a real writer. It cannot to turn to the study of this problem. be said unequivocally that the concept of “literary RESULTS AND DISCUSSION raising the level of teaching literature and the role and place of theoretical knowledge in literary education Teachers experience difficulties in resolving the has been raised more than once. Over the past following issues: organizing preparation for the decades, the process of forming theoretical and perception of the autobiographical work being literary concepts in literature lessons has continued to studied; a technique for improving reading skills, be the focus of attention of psychologists, teachers, mastering content, commenting on text, analyzing and methodologists. Scientists have achieved some events, the image of the main character and the image success in constructing a general methodology for the of the narrator. Problems of methods for presenting formation of literary concepts and solving specific images-characters, ideas, themes, genre features and methodological problems. the implementation of vocabulary and phraseological However, in work programs, a very modest place work in literature lessons also remain difficult in is given to the study of genre features of teaching practice. The choice and correct use of visual autobiographical prose. Meanwhile, literary aids that are effective