Роль теплоизоляционных материалов в вопросах энергоэффективности в жилищном строительстве

Аннотация

This article highlights the role of thermal insulation materials in the field of construction, the principle of operation, information about materials that minimize heat loss through the use of existing effective thermal insulation. Key words: Heat insulating materials, flax fiber plate, hemp fiber plate, thermal conductivity coefficient. Аннотация: В данной статье освещена роль теплоизоляционных материалов в области строительства, принцип действия, информация о материалах, минимизирующих теплопотери за счет использования существующей эффективной теплоизоляции. Ключевые слова: Теплоизоляционные материалы, плита из льноволокна, плита из конопляного волокна, коэффициент теплопроводности. Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada issiqlik izolyatsion materiallarning qurilish sohasidagi o‘rni, ishlash prinsipi, mavjud samarali issiqlik izolyasiyatsini qo‘llash orqali issiqlik yo‘qotishlarni minimallashtiruvchi materiallar haqida ma’lumot yoritildi. Kalit so‘zlar: Issiqlik izolyatsion materiallar, zig‘ir tolali plita, kanop tolali plita, issiqlik o‘tkazuvchanlik koeffitsienti. Nowadays, energy saving is one of the main problems in modern home construction and use of home spaces. We all know that materials used as thermal insulation are the main mechanism of energy saving. Until recently, there were very few types of heat insulating materials. Over time, the demand for thermal insulation materials has increased in the field of modern construction, and today, with the help of modern technologies, very economical and effective thermal insulation materials are being produced. Various modern heat-insulating materials are used in external barrier structures to protect against heat loss from buildings and high humidity. The main requirements for modern heat insulation material should be low heat transfer coefficient, high heat transfer resistance, environmentally friendly and easy to install. Natural and ecologically clean linen fiber, kanoptola (foam), wood chipboards and wood fiber boards and similar heat-insulating materials are used in energy-efficient residential buildings currently under construction. Their classification is given in the table below. Classification of natural heat insulating materials T/r Name of material H e a t t r a n s f e r o e f f i c i e n t, , 𝜆 D e n s i t y V a p o r a b s o r p t i o n a r d l e v e l T h i c k n e s s ( c m ) C o s t ( e v r o / 2 m ) I n i t i a l e n e r g y c o n s u m p t i o n c z 𝜇,mg/ a Vt/m∙℃ Kg/m3 msoat. e h U=0,13Vt/(m2 kVtsoa i r ∙℃) t/m3 Pa F 1 Zig‘ir tolasi 0,040 20-40 1 B2 20 25-30 70-80 Ma’l 2 Kanop tola (penka) 0,045 20-25 1-2 B2 22,5 20-30 Yo‘q 3 Yog‘och paraxasi 0,055 90-110 1 B2 27,5 15-23 50 600- 5 Yog‘och tolali plita 0,04-0,06 170-230 5-10 B2 20-30 40-50 785 Flax fiber Linen fiber is an environmentally friendly and flexible material, which has good thermal insulation properties and the ability to regulate moisture. In the summer, it is distinguished by its average ability to protect the room from overheating. The material keeps its shape well, does not mold and is not damaged by worms and ants. Flax fiber has the effect of microorganisms. Therefore, traditional flax fiber is a good tool for thermal insulation between wood. However, linen must have clean, long fibers to be durable. 1-picture. General appearance of flax fiber Hemp fiber Hemp fiber is made from the raw material of cultivated hemp. It has good thermal insulation properties and regulates humidity. In the summer season, it ensures that the room does not exceed the set standard temperature value, and in the winter season, the amount of heat does not escape to the outside air. 2-picture. General vief of canopy Wood shavings The material keeps its shape well, does not mold and is not damaged by insects. As the main advantage of short canoptola, it can be said that it is environmentally friendly. Short canoptola is easy to burn, even spontaneous combustion is considered its disadvantage. In addition, kanoptola has the ability to absorb moisture. Canoptola is protected from fire if it is treated with soda. Polyester is used as a protective material. It is advisable to use canoptola for thermal insulation of roofs and walls of buildings. Sawdust and shavings are sawdust waste. Less energy is used to produce it as a material. Soda is sprinkled on it to protect it from fire. The material has an average heat transfer resistance. It protects well from summer heat and keeps moisture evenly. It can be used as an energy-efficient thermal insulation material for the floor structure of the room or for external walls. 3 – picture. General view of wood shavings Fibre boards Wood fiber board is obtained from the waste of spruce, alder, juniper wood with or without adding organic tar, paraffin. A lot of energy is spent to produce it as a material. It protects well from summer heat. The material keeps its shape well, does not mold and is not damaged by insects. It is used for thermal insulation of the roof to fill the