Ways to develop the activity of commercial banks of uzbekistan in the fund market

Аннотация

Securities transactions are one of the main types of operations of commercial banks. Therefore, the development of banks' operations with securities is one of the necessary conditions to ensure their liquidity and financial stability. The article identifies the problems associated with the development of securities operations of commercial banks and develops scientific proposals to address them. Keywords: commercial bank, Central bank, issuer, investor, intermediary, stock market, securities, stock, bond, certificate of deposit, fund certificate, issue. Introduction:It is well known that in a market economy, commercial banks, as an important financial institution, play an important role in financing sectors of the economy by attracting free funds under certain conditions, mutual settlements between entities, increasing incomes. At the same time, it is important that the effective organization of the activities of commercial banks in the stock market, the full functioning of the above aspects. In international banking practice, commercial banks are not only a financial institution engaged in investment and issuance operations in the securities market, but also a "financial channel" that attracts and relocates financial resources of investors, especially the population, to this market. "In today's world, the stock market is one of the most developed trading platforms, in which more than a thousand companies participate every day, and individuals invest in this market for economic gain. [1].” In recent years in the process of modernizing the economy, the government has paid special attention to strengthening the participation of commercial banks in the stock market of the country, further increasing the level of their capitalization and stability. In order to further increase the level of capitalization and stability of commercial banks in the country, government decisions to increase their assets and total capital serve to increase the participation of banks in the financial market. Literature review. The research is divided into several areas of study of the activities of commercial banks in the securities market, including: conducting their own operations with securities and risk management in the securities market, investment strategy of banks, portfolio formation, analysis and evaluation (Burgazliev, 2018; Yashenko, 2019); to carry out the activities of banks as trade intermediaries, brokers and dealers (Gorlovskaya, 2008; Zayseva, 2014); certain activities of commercial banks in the stock market, such as underwriting of banks' own securities on the organized market, depository operations, operations with futures and derivative financial instruments, issuance of their own securities by commercial banks (Yakovlev, 2009; Yakunin,2010; Dubrovik, 2013; Fedorenko, 2014; Lanseva, 2015; Mikhaylova, 2017; Zavgordnyaya, 2018); Comprehensive analysis of the activities of commercial banks as issuers, 180 investors and professional entities of the securities market (Jidkova, 2016). Zavgorodyaya and Adjieva (2018) note that bank securities are second only to government securities, and the capital of commercial banks should provide a high rating of bank securities. Modern investors buy securities to earn extra income or to participate in the management of banks [2-16]. N.M.Giblova studied the interaction between the stock market, commercial banks, and the real sector of the economy. It shows that the real sector of the research economy - the issuer of securities as a consumer of investment resources, the primary stock market - a channel that provides cash inflows to finance investments, and banks as investors who buy securities. As we can see, the researcher mainly focused on the role of commercial banks as investors. [17]. A group of scientists led by O.I.Lavrushin suggest the types of banking activities in the securities market in the framework of operations of commercial banks with securities, issuance and placement of own securities by banks, investments of commercial banks in securities, banking operations in the service of government securities and REPO agreements, and the activities of banks as professional participants in the securities market. At the same time, the intermediation activity of commercial banks in the stock market was neglected [18]. However, I.R.BAybekov conducted research on the formation of the bond portfolio through the activities of commercial banks in the stock market. At the same time, the focus will be on the methodology of qualitative assessment of bond issuers in the diversification of the bond portfolio in terms of diversification of the bank's income. [19]. U.S. commercial banks can raise capital by placing their shares, bonds, and certificates of deposit on the stock market, "investing primarily in federal, state, or local bonds in terms of investing in the stock market." [20]. This can be explained by the fact that due to the Great Depression of 1929-1933, commercial banks were bann