The article was the most important in national carpet weaving and the initial processes in the production of threads that directly affect the quality of the carpet, as well as the basis of the carpet, were written on the basis of a comparative analysis of karakalpak carpet weaving with the carpet weaving of other peoples

Аннотация

The article was the most important in national carpet weaving and the initial processes in the production of threads that directly affect the quality of the carpet, as well as the basis of the carpet, were written on the basis of a comparative analysis of karakalpak carpet weaving with the carpet weaving of other peoples. Keys words: Carpet, Bukhara sheep, Kazakh sheep, autumn cut, spring cut, “Ashar”, Patlaw” , Jackke Parsan, Teshik-Kala. Carpet making has always been an important process for Karakalpaks. Because in the middle of the 19th century, the demand for carpet products was very high. Almost all household and household items are carpeted. According to Aygul Pirnazarova, head of the ethnographic department of the Karakalpak State Art Museum named after I.V. Savitskiy: "Every girl had to know how to weave carpet patterns. Because these properties, skillfully woven, were criticized by older people. That's why the people have kept the saying: "It's not a smart bride, but a smart bride." Therefore, the skill of women, their readiness to become bridesmaids, was tested through the carpets they made for their home.In order to create aesthetically pleasing, durable carpets, it is necessary that the threads intended for carpet weaving be of high quality. Special processes have been carried out for this purpose. Sheep wool was chosen as a high-quality yarn. However, not all sheep had the same fiber. Sheep are specially selected for it. V.G.Moshkova lists the best sheep wool in Central Asia in the production of yarn. According to him: "The best bright, fresh sheep are Karakul (Bukhara) sheep. Thus, in addition to fat-tailed (Kazakh) sheep, Ordova and Khotan sheep were brought to the Fergana oasis, and the fur of Turkmen sheep was preferred in the Turkmen tribe of the Bukhara Khanate. In some villages around the market, a special type of Turkmen sheep was found - a light-haired white Penda sheep. At the end of the 19th century, it was widely used in the villages of the Penda oasis. Yomud Turkmens preferred Doloq and Shirak sheep breeds in weaving. [2,30- 31] And in the land of the Karakalpaks, according to A.Otemisov: "Wool fabrics are mainly made from local sheep: sheep, Kazakh sheep, and secondly, camel wool" [3,68] - informs. Also, sheep were not always given forty after selection. The Karakalpaks chop their sheep twice a year - in spring and autumn. He called 5 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference the spring cut down wool, and the autumn cut down wool. "In autumn, the cut was cut as if it had grown 2-3 centimeters before the cold. She killed the sheep in the summer. In summer their wool is quite dry. He calls it summer forty. There were separate reasons for this. The difference between spring and autumn cutting is taken into account: spring wool is long and soft, while autumn wool is strong and hard. "The cut that was preferred for making carpets, that is, for making yarn, was considered a spring cut, and the crown was considered very good for dressing. Because the spring cut is long, it is convenient to make yarn, and the spindle cut is convenient for spinning, and the autumn cut is short, the informant says. If the wool was soft, it would be difficult to combine, and to obtain a good harvest, the yarn had to be well-crafted. However, depending on the types of products, geographical environment, and living conditions, the stages may vary until the product is ready. For example, the threads made from sheep wool were made in Turkmenistan in the following way. "For wool yarn; 1) washing and drying the wool, rubbing it up to half, it will be a soft mass. 2) combing in the comb. 3) coloring" [6,181]. The process of washing sheep among the Karakalpaks differs from other peoples. According to the information provided by the carpet weaver Bayram Gaypov from the city of Khojeli, "among the Karakalpaks, the fat sheep that are killed in the month of May are washed." Because they are long dust and dirty. However, it is not necessary to wash the autumn cut because it is small. After that, special wool is combed with a comb. However, today there are places equipped by special entrepreneurs. Special equipment is ready for the spinning process. And after that we'll twist it with a spindle, and we'll do it it can be spun in a comfortable thickness. At the end we will paint." The informant shared his valuable information [7]. After the yarn was ready, our women-masters began to weave carpet weaves necessary for the household. Of course, bringing wool to the level of yarn was a very difficult task. For such works, assistance was organized among the Kyrgyz people, which is a tradition that goes back to ancient times, and the people called it "Ashiw" (holiday) "There were women artisans in every village. When a family wants to weave a rug or weave a carpet, neighbors come and measure colors and decorative compositions, draw a pattern, and some cut wool. After the completion of rituals,