THE DEPENDENCE OF THE FUEL EFFICIENCY OF THE CAR ON THE TEMPERATURE REGIME OF THE MAIN UNITS DURING OPERATION IN A COLD CLIMATE

Аннотация

The analysis of fuel efficiency makes it possible to make a reasonable choice of the rolling stock of a motor transport company and its rational use when performing transport work. The temperature regime of the units and the associated change in the fuel efficiency of cars depends both on the design parameters and on the conditions in which the cars are operated, and primarily on the ambient temperature. A change in ambient temperature by 10 ° C leads to the fact that the total resistance to movement changes by about 8-10%, fuel consumption by 6-7%. If the ambient temperature decreases by 30 ° C, fuel consumption may increase by 25%. When the exhaust gas temperature increases by 10 ° C, the engine power decreases by 1.8-2.2% (more for diesels). “THE DEPENDENCE OF THE FUEL EFFICIENCY OF THE CAR ON THE TEMPERATURE REGIME OF THE MAIN UNITS DURING OPERATION IN A COLD CLIMATE” P age 19 | 4 KEYWORDS: Fuel efficiency, rational use, specific fuel consumption, engine power, environment, engine. INTRODUCTION - operational factors consisting of: fuel consumption, tire consumption, quality of Fuel efficiency indicators characterize the fuel used, environment, type and consumer qualities of the car. The cost of fuel complexity of the route, driving style, is up to 20-30% of all transportation costs, so technical condition of the car; fuel efficiency has a significant impact on the - the weight of the structure, the economic efficiency of road transport. The complexity of manufacturing and the cost analysis of fuel efficiency makes it possible to of the material, with subsequent make a reasonable choice of the rolling stock depreciation is laid down when designing of a motor transport company and its rational the machine. use when performing transport work. The estimated fuel efficiency indicators of the car The environment also affects the operation of are largely determined by such engine the engine, power transmission and chassis, indicators as the hourly fuel consumption Gt, and therefore its fuel efficiency. A change in kg / h – the mass of fuel consumed in one ambient temperature by 10 ° C leads to the hour, and the specific fuel consumption Ge, g fact that the total resistance to movement / (kWh) – the mass of fuel consumed in one changes by about 8-10%, fuel consumption by hour per unit of engine power. To assess the 6-7%. If the ambient temperature decreases efficiency of fuel use when performing by 30 ° C, fuel consumption may increase by transport work, fuel consumption per unit of 25%. When the exhaust gas temperature transport work (100 t• km) QW is used, l is increases by 10 ° C, the engine power the ratio of actual fuel consumption to the decreases by 1.8-2.2% (more for diesels). transport work performed. Lowering the outdoor temperature by 20 °C RESEARCH ANALYSIS leads to an increase in fuel consumption by an average of 20%. Fuel consumption at low The temperature regime of the units and the ambient temperature increases due to associated change in the fuel efficiency of increased fuel consumption by the engine, cars depends both on the design parameters increased transmission and tire resistance, and on the conditions in which the cars are and increased aerodynamic drag. Let's operated, and primarily on the ambient consider these components. temperature. The increase in fuel consumption by the The following factors have a significant engine is explained by the deterioration of impact on the fuel efficiency of the car: working processes caused by a reduced - initial cost, which depends on: the weight thermal regime. Cold air has an increased of the structure; complexity of density; therefore, the mass of the sucked air manufacture; cost of materials; increases. The density of cold fuel is also - depreciation costs, which are lower the higher, but its viscosity is higher and its longer the durability of the structure; evaporation is lower, therefore, in general, “THE DEPENDENCE OF THE FUEL EFFICIENCY OF THE CAR ON THE TEMPERATURE REGIME OF THE MAIN UNITS DURING OPERATION IN A COLD CLIMATE” P age 20 | 4 the combustible mixture turns out to be optimal temperature in the city from 2 to 5%, depleted. The cold depleted mixture does not outside the city – from 4 to 7%. In the burn intensively enough, the fuel burns increment of fuel consumption, the share of incompletely, its consumption increases. In aerodynamic drag falls in the city from 10 to diesel engines, due to the insufficient 20%, outside the city – from 20 to 30%. temperature of the end of the compression At a low ambient temperature, each stop of stroke, the fuel ignites with a large delay. This the car causes additional fuel consumption, is accompanied by an increased rate of which consists of fuel consumption for pressure build-up and incomplete combustion warming up the engine during parking and of fuel. fuel consumption for warming up the units The increase in transmission resistance is due and tires at the beginning of the movement to insufficie