SPIRITUAL AND MORAL VALUES IN THE VIEWS AND ACTIVITIES OF AHMAD DONISH

Аннотация

The article discusses the main trends in the development of the social and political enlightenment movement of the Jadids, and in particular the evolution of views on spirituality, morality, culture, education of thinkers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. KEYWORDS: Jadidism, Jadids, education, pedagogy, spiritual and moral values, culture, education, Muslim society, press, theater. INTRODUCTION independence, the people of Uzbekistan chose their own path of development of the state The origins of spirituality, morality and culture and society, focused on the revival of spiritual are in the depths of the rich heritage of the values. Moral and spiritual values in the East past of each nation. They are passed down are not just words - they are a way of life, a from generation to generation, and each standard of behavior, one might even say the generation contributes to their diversity and meaning of existence, the meaning of being. In progressiveness. Having achieved “SPIRITUAL AND MORAL VALUES IN THE VIEWS AND ACTIVITIES OF AHMAD DONISH” P age 174 | 5 historical terms, a significant contribution to movements, including the Jadid movement. the development of spiritual and moral Comparing the East and the West, Ismail foundations, the revival of traditions, customs, Gasprinsky (1851-1914) was one of the first to culture, and the promotion of secular understand the reasons for the growing knowledge was made by representatives of separation of the Muslim, Turkic world from the socio-political movement - Jadidism. Until world development. He started a movement the end of the seventies of the twentieth to eliminate ignorance among the Turkic century, the Jadid movement and its leaders, peoples, to achieve the level of developed except for Sadriddin Aini, were silent. But it countries through spirituality and turned out to be impossible to hide the enlightenment of the population. Ismail enormous educational work of the Jadids - at Gasprinsky raised the issue of reforming the first, the first timid mentions of them education system, the study of secular appeared, memoirs and articles began to knowledge in schools [1]. appear. And after the declaration of sovereignty by the In an effort to modernize the Muslim Republic of Uzbekistan, Jadid books began to education system in Turkestan, the Jadids be published. opened new-method, so-called Russian-native The Jadid movement (from Arabic “jadid” - schools. The official date of their appearance new) originated on the territory of the present is October 19, 1884. On this day, in a solemn Republic of Tatarstan and spread to Bukhara, atmosphere, a school was opened in the house Khiva and Turkestan in the end. XIX - early. XX of a wealthy Tashkent merchant Said century. The Turkestan Jadids were headed by Azimbaev. Her first students were children Mahmudkhoja Behbudi, Abdukadyr Shakuri, from the families of the local elite. In 1887 a Munavvarkari Abdurashidkhanov, Abdulla Russian-native school opened in Samarkand, Avloni and dozens of other educators. With a and then in other cities. Despite the lack of a view to the socio-cultural development of unified system of textbooks and manuals, the Central Asia in a new direction, the Jadid Jadids sought to ensure that the students of leaders proposed a number of reforms in the these schools mastered practical knowledge. field of education, historiography, literature, The curriculum in the new method schools printing, religion, and art. They came up with included reading, writing in the Turkiсh ideas of reassessment and improvement of language and Farsi, arithmetic, history, ethics, faith, justice, health care, the geography, and the fundamentals of religion advancement of women, all aspects of life. occupied a large place in it. This movement united representatives of In an effort to increase the prestige of Russian- various strata of society, which differed from native schools in the eyes of the local each other in terms of social affiliation and population, the authorities inspired the their views on certain problems. But the population that their graduates would be common thing for the Jadids of Turkestan was given preference when appointed to that they were the bearers of the ideas of prestigious positions. At the same time, the independence, freedom and struggle for a authorities sought to interest parents in brighter future. education, and financially, by introducing free Public education was the most acceptable education for the children of the local elite. sphere of public life for various national The authorities also took care of the “SPIRITUAL AND MORAL VALUES IN THE VIEWS AND ACTIVITIES OF AHMAD DONISH” P age 175 | 5 methodological support of schools. A special emir was by nature depraved and lustful, then textbook for teaching children to read and in all his fortresses, from Karshi to Kesh, he write, as well as an anthology for reading, dismissed honest village elders, fearing were published. However, these meas