Models of the development of local self-government and the decentralization experience: an institutional approach

Аннотация

The authors of the article considere the experience of decentralization of government in the countries of Eastern Europe and some other countries. Also models of the development of local self-government were presented. Keywords---local self-government, model, local government system, local services, municipal governments, central budget, local budget, municipal budget The models used in the practice of territorial administration differ by the autonomy of territorial level of government to make political decisions independently of the central government and the sufficiency of the necessary resources. The ideal autonomous model of local self-government is a system with horizontal management, in which each territorial level authority possesses its own, exclusive competence, not intersecting with the higher levels of government in terms of powers and responsibilities. By such management, the control over the activities of local authorities is exercised not by the upper levels of government, but by the population, either directly through such forms of direct democracy as referendums, elections and others, or through representative bodies and officials elected by direct voting. In this case, the central executive authorities, such as ministries, administrative agencies mainly perform methodical, forecasting and analytical functions, and their decisions are of a recommendatory nature for the structures of a lower level. At the same time, the management system with a completely horizontal nature does exist nowhere in the world. Even in the United States of America, a country standing as close as possible to the horizontal management of territorial structure, some governmental regulations of the activities of state, county and city authorities exist, which is conducted by ministries and departments indirectly - by funding or co-funding a variety of national programs. 1Associate Professor, Department of Economic Theory, National University of Uzbekistan. Address: University str. 4, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan.,E-mail address: nozim.muminov@mail.ru 2Associate Chief of the Research Bureau of Training Center of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan..,Address: Darxontepa str. 7a, Tashkent, 100052, Uzbekistan.,E-mail address: ozoda22@ya.ru 3Deputy head of Department the Inspection of the regulation of alcohol and tobacco market under the Ministry of finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan.,Address: 6, Abay str. Tashkent, 100011, Uzbekistan., E-mail address: 3981777@mail.ru 4Head of Department of public procurement, Ministry of finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Address: Istiklol str. 29, Tashkent, 100017, Uzbekistan E-mail address: GRakhimova@mf.uz DOI: 10.37200/IJPR/V24I4/PR201304 Received: 22 Sep 2019 | Revised: 13 Oct 2019 | Accepted: 15 Jan 2020 1954 International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Vol. 24, Issue 04, 2020 ISSN: 1475-7192 So-called integrated Soviet system of local self-government could serve as an example of vertical management. The most important political decisions in this system were made on the upper "floor" of the government, being then transferred through "single-channel" scheme along the entire vertical chain of territorial management. The matrix scheme of management involves the interaction of the authorities, both vertically and horizontally, thus providing levels of management with the possibility of "multi-channel" interaction. The horizontal interaction acquires great importance under these conditions; between departments within a single governing structure, between various autonomous levels of management (inter-municipal cooperation). Thereby, there are four systems of local government are distinguished: • Anglo-Saxon model (The Anglo-Saxon …); • French or Napoleonic model (Comparing Two Forms …); • German or mixed model (Municipal management …); • Soviet integrated model (Dureev S.P.& Dureeva N.S., 2016. P. 48-50). The Anglo-Saxon model includes a certain amount of latitude for municipalities, and the absence of specifically authorized state officials controlling the executive bodies at the local level, with management predominantly possessing a horizontal nature. This type of management is common in English-speaking countries such as Great Britain, the United States of America, Canada, Australia, etc. The French model assumes a local public official responsible for coordination of the activities of public services. Often, these public officers are entitled to control the activities of local self-government. With this scheme of management, a vertical of public administration operates simultaneously with the system of horizontal decentralized management which deals with the issues of the territory life-support. Elements of the French model are used in France, countries of Scandinavia, Latin America, etc. The German model combines the features of both models mentioned above. Thus, the simultaneous existence of municipalities as the form of territorial administration