ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ЦИФРОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ И ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИИ ПРОТОЧНЫХ ЧАСТЕЙ ПАРОВЫХ ТУРБИН

Аннотация

The paper highlights the main application of digital technologies in the study of processes in the design of the flow parts of steam turbines. Reviews of studies in this area have been carried out. The use of digital technologies for design and production significantly reduces the time required to introduce new technical solutions when upgrading existing equipment with long service life, as well as to create promising competitive designs of new generation steam turbines. Key words: digital technology, steam turbines, turbine unit, flow path, power, gas turbine. ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ЦИФРОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ И ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИИ ПРОТОЧНЫХ ЧАСТЕЙ ПАРОВЫХ ТУРБИН Аннотация. В работе освещены основные области применения цифровых технологий при исследовании процессов проектирования проточных частей паровых турбин. Проведены обзоры исследований в этой области. Использование цифровых технологий для проектирования и производства значительно сокращает сроки внедрения новых технических решений при модернизации существующего оборудования с длительным сроком службы, а также для создания перспективных конкурентоспособных конструкций паровых турбин нового поколения. Ключевые слова: цифровая технология, паровые турбины, турбоагрегат, проточная часть, мощность, газовая турбина. The use of digital technologies for design and production significantly reduces the time required to introduce new technical solutions for the modernization of existing equipment with a long service life, and also creates promising competitive designs for the next generation of steam turbines [1- 6]. The results of calculation and experimental studies carried out at NRU MPEI show that it is possible to increase the power of the turbine unit by 8-10% due to the improvement of the aerodynamic properties of parts and aggregates of flow paths. in the initial state of the flow path. In addition, necessary work can be done at power plants during scheduled maintenance companies. The maximum total increase in power can be obtained by upgrading the following elements of the flow path: * scapular apparatus; * over-shroud, diaphragm, end seals; * systems for removal and destruction of coarse moisture; * designs of valves, branch pipes, steam pipelines. Figure 1 shows the interface of the program for automated profiling based on Bezier polynomials of turbomachine lattices, developed at the NRU MPEI at the Department of Steam and Gas Turbines. 1 27 6 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2023 VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 5 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ The use of similar methods in the "manual mode" for the re-profiling of the first three stages of the medium-pressure cylinder of an 800 MW turbine made it possible to increase the efficiency of the compartment by 2.4%. The increase in efficiency was achieved by changing and smoothing the values of the curvature of the contours of the profiles of the nozzle and working gratings, minimizing the length of sections flown around with a positive pressure gradient, and forming an optimal change in the velocity gradient along the streamlined surface. A promising method for profiling nozzle arrays is the use of a variable angle of flow exit to redistribute the flow rate along the height of the array. By reducing the exit angle of the flow near the meridional contours, the flow rate through sections with maximum end losses is reduced, and, consequently, power losses are reduced. Increasing the outlet angle of the flow in the middle part of the profile - the core of the flow - leads to an increase in the flow rate in the part of the grid with minimal losses. As a result, at constant values of the total flow, the useful power of the stage increases. Calculations show that up to2.0% increase in the power of the stage is achieved due to the application of the profiling method under consideration. Figure 1. Interface of the automated profiling program A significant reduction in stage losses is also possible by reducing steam leakage through the seals. The average calculated values of the increase in power due to the reduction of losses from leaks are: – in the high pressure cylinder ~0.8%; – in the medium pressure cylinder ~ 0.6%; – in the low pressure cylinder ~ 1.4%. At the MPEI pilot plant, together with the Department of Steam and Gas Turbines, models were developed and manufactured for testing seals of a new design - "cellular" seals (Fig. 2), an analogue of those widely used both for modernization and in new conditions structures of steam turbines with honeycomb seals. The results of the tests performed showed good results, confirming the competitiveness of the proposed technical solution. Significantly reduced the cost of manufacturing seals; the values 1 27 7 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2023 VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 5 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ of leakage of the working fluid and the level of aerodynamic exciting forces do not exceed the