INTERPRETATION OF THE CONCEPT OF JUSTICE IN THE ORKHON-YENISEI MONUMENTS

Аннотация

Runic writing became widespread among the Turkic-speaking tribes of Southern Siberia, Central and Central Asia during the historical period when these tribes were part of the largest Central Asian state of the early Middle Ages — the Turkic Khaganate. The first information about the Turk tribe is contained in Chinese sources — the dynastic histories as "Zhou Shu", "Bei Qi Shu", "Sui Shu" and "Bei Shi". The Chinese spelling of the ethnonym-tujue is reconstructed as turkut; this latter form of the ethnonym is unknown in other (non- Chinese) literary monuments of the VI-X centuries. According to historical sources, the design of the name Turk by the plural affix - (y)/, characteristic of the Mongolian languages — is a consequence of the perception of the ethnonym by the Chinese through the medium of the Mongolian-speaking Zhuan-zhuans. KEYWORDS:- Runic writing, Turkic-speaking tribes, ethnonym, Turkic khaganate, Orkhon texts, monuments, Kul-tegin, Bilge-Kagan, inscription, Tonyukuk inscription, sarcophagus. house of Ashin (the ruling family of the Turks). I NTRODUCTION As a result of the outbreak of the war, the Zhuzhans were defeated and, to a large extent, The beginning of direct relations of the Turks physically exterminated. On their lands in who lived in the Altai with one of the North Northern Mongolia, a new Central Asian empire Chinese states — Western Wen — dates back to emerged — the Turkic Khaganate. the middle of the VI century. In 545, the ambassador of the Western Wei emperor Taizu, a The political history and socio-economic Sogdian from Jiuquan (Gansu) Anpanto, arrived structure of the first Turkic khaganate are at the headquarters of Prince Tujue, and the next studied in the above-mentioned works, which year the reciprocal embassy "presented local allows us to briefly mention here the main stages works" to the imperial court. of the development of this state. After the death of Bumyn (552) and the short reign of his son At the same time, the Prince of the Turks Bumyn, Kolo was succeeded by one of the sons of who took the title iuiu-kehan, intervened on the Bumyn-Muhan Mwy'n of the Bugut inscription side of the Zhuzhan kagan — his suzerain — in (553-572). During his reign, the Turkic the war with the tribal union of tele and, having Khaganate turned into a political hegemon not strengthened at the expense of the defeated only in Central but also in Central Asia. In 555, tribes of this union, " broke off communication the Zhuzhans were finally destroyed, the Khitan with the zhu-zhu ". The formal pretext for this act tribes and the Kyrgyz were conquered. In 563- was the insulting refusal of the Zhuzhan kagan 567, the Eftalite state in Central Asia was Anahuan to "establish marital kinship" with the CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICSISSN 62 – 2767-3278 https://masterjournals.com/index.php/crjp CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS 2(9): 62-68, September 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/pedagogics-crjp-02-09-14 ISSN 2767-3278 ©2021 Master Journals Accepted 25thSeptember, 2021 & Published 30thSeptember, 2021 defeated. By 571, after the campaign of the Turks of early feudal relations, prepared for centuries in Iran, the border of the khaganate was of previous development, was going on. established along the Amu Darya. Continuous wars of conquest temporarily muted the acute contradictions that arose during the A little later, in 576, a Turkic detachment social restructuring of the Turkic society, but the captures the Cimmerian Bosporus. Mugan-Kagan first setbacks quickly changed the situation. " made all the possessions lying beyond the border (the Great Wall) tremble. From the east In 581-588, the previously fragmented China was from the Korean Gulf to the west to the Western united under the Sui Dynasty (581-618); the Sea (the Caspian Sea. - S. K.) up to ten thousand li, reforms implemented there led to a rapid growth from the south from the Sandy Steppe to the of the economic and military power of the north to the North Sea (Baikal. - S. K.) from five to empire. The strengthening of China coincided six thousand li — - all this expanse of land was with the beginning of internecine strife within under his power. He became a rival to the the ruling group of the kaganate after the death "Middle Kingdom"." The latter statement is not of Taspar-kagan (581) and a terrible famine in entirely accurate — the kaganate in this era the steppe — " instead of bread, they used actually turned both North Chinese states - powdered bones." The growth of the wealth and Northern Qi and Northern Zhou - into its influence of the Turkic aristocracy, which aspired tributaries. This dependence was especially to the autonomous management of the occupied intensified under the heir of Mugan — Taspar- territories, the impoverishment of the mass of Kagan: "He had the intention to defeat the Middle ordinary community members who endured all State; but the court (Northern Zhou) hastened to the hardships of the war on their s