Искусственный интеллект запрещен или поддерживается в исламском праве?

Аннотация

This descriptive scientific article shortly analyzes the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and Islamic morality, discussing the potential impact of AI on ethical considerations within the framework of Islamic law. It explores the opportunities and challenges that arise when integrating AI systems in line with Islamic moral values. This article aims to stimulate discussion and guide future research concerning the har- monious integration of AI and Islamic law. Keywords: artificial intelligence, Islamic morality, ethics, principles, privacy, fair- ness, sharia ИСКУССТВЕННЫЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТ ЗАПРЕЩЕН ИЛИ ПОДДЕРЖИВАЕТСЯ В ИСЛАМСКОМ ПРАВЕ? Аннотация. В статье кратко анализируется пересечение искусственного ин- теллекта и исламской морали, обсуждается потенциальное влияние искусствен- ного интеллекта на этические соображения в рамках исламского права. В нем исследуются возможности и проблемы, возникающие при интеграции систем ис- кусственного интеллекта в соответствии с исламскими моральными ценностями. Целью этой статьи является стимулирование дискуссий и руководство будущими исследованиями, касающимися гармоничной интеграции искусственного интел- лекта и исламского права. Ключевые слова: искусственный интеллект, исламская мораль, этика, прин- ципы, частная жизнь, справедливость, шариат In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has become popular all over the world. Despite its many advantages, different legal families are taking different approaches to regulating AI. The impact of AI on ethics, the attitude of various sources of law to AI, the regulatory mechanism and other such issues are gaining urgent importance [18]. It is possible to cite many examples of the fact that such issues related to AI are clearly reg- ulated in the families of common law and civil law, and various scientific studies have been carried out. However, it can be observed that in countries where Islamic law rules, the issues of the interaction of AI and Sharia law norms have not been fully studied, and in some Arab countries even AI is prohibited. In addition, if we pay attention to various international scientific bases, it can be seen that there are very few scientific studies devoted to the issues of the interaction of Islamic ethics and AI. For instance, such researchers cannot be found in the jstor.org database. At a time when the issue of AI has become one of the most popular research topics in other countries, the development of AI has revived a long-standing debate about the relationship between modern liberalism and Islamic law [11]. 53 Digital technologies and law Digital technologies and law As scientist A. Z. Ali mentioned, AI is a combination of computer science, philoso- phy and physiology. AI is a broad topic, consisting of different sphere, from machine vi- sion to expert systems. The element that the sphere of AI have in common is the creation of machines that can “think”. In order to classify machines as “thinking”, it is necessary to define intelligence. To what degree does intelligence consist of, for example, solving complex problems, or making generalizations and relationships? And what about percep- tion and comprehension? Research into the areas of learning, of language, and of sensory perception have aided scientists in building intelligent machines [1. P. 74]. In general, after having a brief description of AI, the impact of AI on Islamic law and the legal issues that may arise as a result of their interaction can be analyzed below: Firstly, Islamic law does not reject artificial intelligence. After all, Sharia does not oppose the development of science. However, Muslims emphasize the value of uphold- ing human dignity, compassion, and the quest of spiritual development while acknowl- edging the potential of AI. They issue a warning against placing an undue dependence on AI, which could cause morality and human contact to be neglected. In addition, un- ethically receiving various awards (in competitions, contests etc.) or evaluation (in ed- ucational institutions, etc.) through plagiarism or various (scientific, technical, creative, etc.) works prepared by AI is considered against Islamic ethics. In this case, moral issues such as not fulfilling the rights of other members of society, acting contrary to moral teachings, teaching members of society to “fraud” are considered as the first and main problem. Due to the fact that morality is at a lower level in other legal families, various legal issues [12] and judicial disputes [4] related to AI are observed only on the issue of plagiarism. However, the issue of the influence of AI on the morals of society members is not a cause for concern for other families of law, such as Sharia law. Secondly, issues related to copyright infringement [4] are one of the most import- ant issues in Islamic law, like other legal families. According to the rules of Sharia, not every author wants to be victim of copyright infringement by other people. However, AI technologies