Цифровые технологии в правосудии Китая

Аннотация

The pandemic in 2020 gave a powerful impetus to the development of digital technologies and the maximum digitalization of all spheres of public life. This continued the trend of growing popularity of online education, e-commerce, online communication, including hosting forums, summits, conferences, meetings, brainstorming sessions storms, digital online meetings. Some researchers believe that the global pandemic has been the catalyst of the new, nascent phenomenon of digital globalization. The court system is not an exemption. This article recognizes the China approach of digitalizing justice. Keywords: artificial intelligence, digitalization; online courts, transparency, legal proceedings, online auctions, cybersecurity, e-filling, QR code-filling ЦИФРОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В ПРАВОСУДИИ КИТАЯ Аннотация. Пандемия, охватившая мир в 2020 г., послужила мощным им- пульсом цифровизации всех сфер общественной жизни. Возросла популярность онлайн-образования, электронной коммерции, онлайн-общения, включая про- ведение форумов, саммитов, конференций, совещаний, мозговых штурмов и за- седаний в цифровом (онлайн) формате. Некоторые исследователи полагают, что именно пандемия стала катализатором нового зарождающего явления – цифро- вой глобализации. Цифровая сфера не имеет государственных границ, террито- риальной принадлежности, не всегда охватывается национальной юрисдикцией государств. Мир становится свидетелем прихода новой культуры – электронной. Судебная система не является исключением. В этой статье рассматривается опыт Китая в цифровизации системы правосудия. Ключевые слова: искусственный интеллект, цифровизация, онлайн-суды, транспарентность, судебное разбирательство, онлайн-аукционы, кибербезопас- ность, электронное заполнение, QR-заполнение 20 Digital technologies and law Introduction. The rule by law is the fundamental method for administering the country and managing governmental affairs, while justice is a key cornerstone of the system of rule by law. We believe, nowadays the information and communication de- velopment index predetermine the leading positions of the “super-powers” in the world arena, as well as some individual domestic social institutions. In recent years, in order to improve the quality of life of the population and the devel- opment of the economy, the introduction of digital technologies in various public spheres is carried out by each State in its own vector and at its own pace. The digital divide between individual States exposes the world community to the global problem of the digital divide between States. In the leading countries of «Industry 4.0» it is difficult to imagine any branch of production or social industry, in which some digital elements are not introduced. Digital technologies have been integrated into the legal institutions of pioneer states for several decades, the rest of the states, in order to keep up with the general mainstream, actively study their advanced ideas, developments and experience. Already today, China has achieved remarkable successes in digitizing its economy, production, social institu- tions and law. The unique experience of digitalization of the law and legal institutions of the People’s Republic of China represents one of the most topical research topics. Since 2013, China has been implementing an ambitious strategy for the rule of law in cyberspace. This period the courts began to implement socially oriented development ideas, expressed in the implementation of the strategy of China becoming an Internet power, the state strategy of big data, the program “Internet+, by searching for new oppor- tunities, methods, forms of in-depth integration of modern Internet technologies into the judicial process, the preliminary creation of a framework diversified system of dispute resolution and the implementation of court procedures online, the gradual improvement of the rules of online litigation, Streamlining and increasing the transparency of domestic cyberspace, effectively promoting the modernization of State administration systems. Internet court is a major institutional innovation whereby China’s courts actively address the judicial needs in the Internet era and implement the Internet power strategy: in August 2017 – September, 2018 Hangzhou Internet Court, Beijing Internet Court, and Guangzhou Internet Court were successively established [1. P. 89]. In September 2018, the Supreme People’s Court issued judicial interpretations of trials before Internet courts, clarifying the jurisdiction, appeal mechanism, online litiga- tion rules, and requirements for construction of litigation platform of Internet Courts [1, p. 89]. Internet Courts have actively promoted the “online resolution of online disputes”, facilitated the online verification of litigant’s identity, online collection of evidentiary materials, etc., thus significantly improving judicial efficiency. In Hangzhou Internet Court, the online case-filing rate has reached 91.2%, the on- line court-session