TALABALAR AMALIY MASHG‘ULOTLARINI TASHKIL ETISHDA INNOVATSION TA’LIM TEXNOLOGIYALARINING O‘RNI

Аннотация

The mechanical enrichment method of potassium ores is a process of extracting potassium compounds based on physical properties. This thesis covers the stages of enrichment of potassium ores, in particular sylvinite-containing ores, through crushing, screening, classification and separation processes. In the process of mechanical enrichment, factors such as the physicochemical properties of the ore, particle size, density and magnetic susceptibility are taken into account. Also, ways to increase the efficiency of enrichment using vibrating, drum and hydraulic separators are considered. Studies show that the mechanical enrichment method is cheap, environmentally friendly and technologically simple, allowing to increase the content of potassium chloride in the finished product to 85–90%. The thesis discusses modern mechanical enrichment technologies, their advantages and prospects for industrial introduction. Keywords: Potassium ore, mechanical enrichment, sylvinite, particle size, density-based separation, screening, hydraulic classification, magnetic separation. Kirish. Kaliy o‘g‘itlari qishloq xo‘jaligi uchun muhim elementlardan biri hisoblanadi. Kaliy xlorid (KCl) o‘simliklarning o‘sishi, meva hosildorligi va kasalliklarga chidamliligini oshirishda asosiy o‘g‘it hisoblanadi. Ushbu birikma asosan silvinit, karnallit, langbeynit kabi tabiiy rudalardan olinadi. O‘zbekistonda mavjud silvinit konlarida kaliy va natriy tuzlari aralash holda mavjud bo‘lib, ularni samarali ajratib olish uchun boyitish jarayonlarini qo‘llash zarur. Mexanik boyitish usuli – rudani maydalash, elash, zichlikka asoslangan ajratish kabi fizik amallarga asoslanib, qiymatli komponentlarni gang moddalardan ajratib olishga qaratilgan. Bu usul, ayniqsa, rudaning strukturaviy va minerallogik jihatlari oddiy bo‘lsa, juda qulay hisoblanadi. Mazkur usul flotatsiya yoki halurgik (eritma asosida) boyitish usullariga qaraganda energiya sarfi va reagent xarajati kam bo‘lganligi sababli iqtisodiy jihatdan afzalroq bo‘lishi mumkin. So‘nggi yillarda sanoatdagi avtomatlashtirish, zarrachalarni tahlil qilish usullarining rivojlanishi va yuqori aniqlikli ajratish uskunalarining joriy etilishi mexanik boyitish samaradorligini oshirishga xizmat qilmoqda. Bu esa past navli rudalarni ham qayta ishlash imkonini bermoqda. Shuningdek, mexanik boyitish ekologik xavfsizlikni ta’minlagan holda yer osti suvlari yoki havoga zararli moddalarning chiqishini kamaytiradi. Mazkur tezisda aynan mexanik boyitish jarayonining texnologik bosqichlari, har bir bosqichdagi asosiy jarayonlar, ularning samaradorlikka ta’siri va zamonaviy texnologiyalar bilan integratsiyalashgan holati chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Asosiy qism. Kaliy rudalarini mexanik boyitish jarayoni bir nechta ketma-ket bosqichlardan iborat: 290