MAKHALLA - THE DISAPPEARING HISTORICAL APPEARANCE OF OLD TASHKENT

Аннотация

In this article, many people think that Tashkent is too Europeanized, but not everyone knows that in the very center of the city today there are national, colorful, charming neighborhoods - traditional Uzbek neighborhoods, where there are generous one- and two-story houses that have stood here for more than a hundred years... New houses are emerging today in place of the destroyed neighborhoods. The residents of the neighborhoods will probably live in them more comfortably, but soon, unfortunately, there will be no trace of the unique appearance of old Tashkent. Key words: city, city center, neighborhood, tradition, mosque, madrasa, people and state, market, personal self-government bodies The experience of state structure and management in the Asian continent and the Muslim East has its own characteristics and traditions. A neighborhood that existed before the Arab conquest and the conversion to Islam existed as an association of people living in a certain small area, bound not only by good neighborly relations, but also by internal rules of conduct. spiritual and moral standards, customs and traditions formed over the centuries. This type of socio- economic harmony of the population changes at each stage of historical development. Socio-political, cultural and economic changes came to most traditional Uzbek families through the neighborhood. Tashkent, in the minds of many, is a completely Europeanized capital of Uzbekistan with wide avenues, green parks and beautiful high-rises built in recent 205 “JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN UZBEKISTAN” JURNALI VOLUME 03, ISSUE 06, 2025. JUNE ResearchBib Impact Factor: 9.654/2024 ISSN 2992-8869 years. However, not everyone knows that almost in the very center of the city, charming corners of national color have been preserved to this day - traditional Uzbek mahalla quarters, adobe one- and two-story houses of which have been standing here for more than a hundred years... In Tashkent, not far from the Chorsu market, there is a circus. It is no coincidence that this place is located this way: it was here that the center of the old city was once located. Since the Middle Ages, ancient mosques and madrassas have been preserved here, such as, for example, the famous Kukeldash, here was the Tashkent shakhristan - a part of the city with residential areas inside the fortress wall. Not many tourists today reach the Zarkaynar district, located behind the circus, but it is here that you can still see the unique adobe houses of local mahallas, which now look the same as they did 100-150 years ago. These are old Uzbek quarters of 5-7 streets and several hundred residents, where there is a mosque, a small market, a teahouse and tiny mahalla committee offices headed by their elder. Completely different people live here than in the modern microdistricts of Tashkent, and for tourists who have come here, the medieval appearance of these streets complements the "ethnographic" appearance of Tashkent. In the mahalla, every resident knows not only all of their closest neighbors, but also Aunt Khadicha from the Sagban dead end, who cooks the most delicious pilaf in the mahalla, and the hairdresser Baykhtiyer, who gets all the men in the quarter cut off. Here, children calmly ride their bikes through the streets, just like we did in 206 “JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN UZBEKISTAN” JURNALI VOLUME 03, ISSUE 06, 2025. JUNE ResearchBib Impact Factor: 9.654/2024 ISSN 2992-8869 our Soviet childhood. And the neighboring grandmothers treat them to samsa or flatbreads, just taken out of the oven. Even today, you can easily see chickens, rams or goats in the courtyards of old adobe houses - and this is actually in the center of the capital of Uzbekistan! Tashkent, in the minds of many, is a completely Europeanized capital of Uzbekistan with wide avenues, green parks and beautiful high-rises built in recent years. Tashkent Kukeldash: people studied, prayed, and maintained a caravanserai here. However, not everyone knows that almost in the very center of the city, charming corners of national color have been preserved to this day - traditional Uzbek mahalla neighborhoods, whose adobe one- and two-story houses have been standing here for over a hundred years... Local boys also like to run to the Khazrati Imam religious complex located next to the mahalla, where on the square between the ancient mosque of the same name and two madrassas - Barakhan and Muyi Muborak, they launch kites into the sky, just like their fathers and grandfathers did 30-50 years ago... 207 “JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN UZBEKISTAN” JURNALI VOLUME 03, ISSUE 06, 2025. JUNE ResearchBib Impact Factor: 9.654/2024 ISSN 2992-8869 Tourists who come to see this stunningly beautiful architectural ensemble love to stare at the kites soaring in the blue sky, and the kids who are especially skilled at this craft sometimes get a few sums for pocket money... 208 “JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN UZBEKIST