INFANTILE AMNESIA AND TREATMENT

Аннотация

According to statistics, memory disorders occur in 25% of people living on earth. We are talking not only about amnesia, but also about qualitative mnemonic disorders, which are characterized by poor ability to remember, as well as difficulties in recalling information . Key words: Amnesia, reasons, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and prevention of amnesia . Introduction: Amnesia is a pathological loss of memory of current or past life events. Translated from Latin, the term means "forgetfulness". If a person has no memories, this is not always considered a pathology. For example, there is "childhood amnesia". It is expressed in the fact that many people cannot remember the events of the first two or three years of life. Amnesia is the loss of memories of significant life events and the inability to recall recent circumstances. It is a symptom that is part of the clinical picture in some neurological and psychiatric diseases. The factors that provoke the pathology are varied. In elderly people, memory loss occurs due to vascular disorders and degenerative processes. At a young age, amnesia can develop under the influence of trauma and psychological factors. All causes of the symptom are divided into organic and psychological. Organic causes provoke pathological changes in the cerebral structures of the brain, which causes amnesia. These include: TBI; brain tumors; cerebral hypoxia; infections that involve the central nervous system; 121 SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMY International scientific-online conference toxic brain damage; degenerative diseases of the central nervous system; migraine ; epilepsy. Psychological causes affect the human psyche, but do not have a negative impact on the brain. These include traumatic events , mental disorders, while amnesia is episodic. Research and results: The main symptom is the inability of a person to recall past events. In this case, circumstances of a certain period are forgotten. The sequence of memory loss is revealed in Ribot's law : first, a person forgets the most "recent" events, then the most recent, and lastly, the more ancient ones. Moreover, memory is restored in the reverse order. Sometimes confabulations occur. They are fictitious memories with which the patient tries to cover gaps in memory. Amnestic manifestations are observed together with other symptoms inherent to the underlying pathology. Thus, post-stroke amnesia occurs together with hypomnesia , in which memory for current events deteriorates, as well as paramnesia (it is a condition in which a person confuses past and present events). The clinical picture is supplemented by speech disorders and movement disorders. With amnesia, which is a sign of psychoorganic syndrome, cognitive disorders are observed, expressed in a deterioration in the ability to absorb incoming information, a decrease in attentiveness and a slowdown in thinking. The diagnosis is made by a neurologist. He may refer the patient to other specialists, such as a narcologist or neurosurgeon. At the initial appointment, the doctor: interviews the patient; assesses his neurological status; assesses his mental status. Additionally, cerebral hemodynamic studies may be prescribed. They are indicated if the loss of memories is most likely caused by vascular disorders. REG, ultrasound of the head vessels, MRI of the vessels and duplex scanning may be performed. In case of TBI and intracranial hematoma, computed tomography of the brain is performed. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging allows detecting neoplasms, degenerative phenomena and post-stroke foci. Other diagnostic methods: EEG - for symptoms of epilepsy; 122 SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMY International scientific-online conference blood biochemistry; drug test; examination of cerebrospinal fluid - in case of possible infectious nature of the pathology. The doctor prescribes treatment based on the origin and signs of the underlying disease. If the patient has been diagnosed with organic amnesia, then medications are usually used, and in case of psychogenic memory loss, psychotherapeutic methods are used. For the treatment of organic forms, the following are used: vascular drugs; neuroprotectors; antioxidants; anticholinesterase agents; mematines; nootropic drugs. To adapt the patient to memory gaps, psychotherapeutic methods are used. In some situations, hypnosis treatment is used. If a cerebral tumor is detected, neurosurgery is performed. In psychogenic pathology, doctors' efforts are aimed not at restoring memories, but at helping the patient accept their absence. For this purpose, psychotherapy, art therapy, and drug treatment are carried out. The prognosis of the pathology is related to the cause that caused it, as well as the underlying disease and the patient's age. Post-traumatic memory loss is usually reversible. If amnesia is caused by degenerative phenomena in the central nervous system, it progresses. Psychogenic a