THE ROLE OF TAXES IN ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT AND THEIR PRACTICAL ASPECTS IN THE NAVOI REGION

Аннотация

This article analyzes the general characteristics of taxes and their differences from other economic categories. Taxes are an important tool for ensuring the financial stability of the state and are characterized by features such as obligation, non-refundability, state regulation, and allocation to the state budget. Using the example of the Navoi region, taxes are shown not only as a source of budget revenue but also as a key factor in regional development and improving public welfare. The article highlights the unique features of taxes by comparing them to other economic categories such as price, profit, income, rent, and fees. Additionally, the economic impact and social significance of taxes are discussed based on practical cases from the Navoi region. Key words: Navoi region, Taxes, economic category, financial stability, obligation, state regulation, state budget Introduction. Taxes play an important role in managing the economy and ensuring the financial stability of the state. A tax is a mandatory payment collected by the state in a legally defined manner and amount. It serves as a tool for shaping economic, financial, and social relations in society. This article explores the general characteristics of taxes, their role as economic categories, and their differences from other related economic categories. The analysis is based on practical cases from the Navoi region. General Characteristics of Taxes. Taxes have the following general characteristics: 1. Obligatory – Paying taxes is a legal obligation. Every legal entity and individual is required to fulfill this duty in accordance with the established procedures. 2. Non-refundable (unilateral) – The funds collected from the taxpayer are transferred to the state budget, and no direct service is provided in return for this payment. 3. Determined by the state – The type, amount, and payment procedure of taxes are defined solely by the state on a legal basis. 162 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference 4. Directed to the budget – Taxes serve as the primary source of revenue for the state budget. 5. An instrument of economic and social regulation – Through taxes, the state can stimulate or restrict economic activity and promote social equity. General Overview of Taxes in the Navoi Region. The Navoi region is one of the leading industrial areas of the republic, and the process of tax collection is being carried out steadily here. A significant portion of the region's budget revenue is generated from large taxes collected from industrial enterprises. Specifically: The Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combine (NMMC) is among the major taxpayers; Small and medium-sized businesses operating in the region also pay social tax, land tax, and other types of taxes; In 2024, the total amount of taxes collected in the Navoi region amounted to 2.8 trillion UZS (according to the State Tax Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan). Differences Between Taxes and Other Economic Categories. Taxes should not be confused with other economic categories such as price, profit, income, rent, payments, etc. The following section highlights the key differences between them: Economic Category Essence Difference from Tax Determined through The market value of a Price voluntary trade; tax is product or service mandatory Depends on internal Net income from business activity; tax Profit entrepreneurship applies regardless of profitability Based on a mutual Payment for temporary use Rent agreement; tax is a of property unilateral obligation Tax is collected without Payment for government Duties/Fees direct services; fees are services paid for specific services Economic Impact of Taxes (Based on the Navoi Region) 1. Forming a stable budget – The presence of major taxpayers contributes to the stability of the regional budget. 163 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference 2. Impact on industrial development – Tax incentives stimulate investment activity among enterprises. 3. Development of regional infrastructure – Roads, schools, and hospitals are being built from tax revenues. 4. Ensuring social equity – A differentiated tax system helps achieve fair income distribution. Statistical data reflecting the economic impact of taxes in the Navoi region during the years 2020–2024. The data is compiled based on reports from the State Tax Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the State Committee on Statistics, and the regional budget reports. Economic Impact of Taxes in Navoi Region (2020–2024 Statistical Analysis) Number of Number of Total Tax Tax Share Number of Infrastructure Enterprises Revenues Year in Regional Major Projects Granted Collected Budget (%) Taxpayers Funded by Tax (trln UZS) Taxes Incentives 2020 1.8 78% 25 45 112 2021 2.1 80% 28 53 135 2022 2.4 82% 32 61 157 2023 2.6 83% 34 70 164 2024 2.8 85% 37 78 182 Analytical Summary: Tax revenues have increased year by year, indicating growth in economic activity