THE REFLECTION OF EDUCATIONAL VALUES AND MORAL ISSUES IN THE WORKS OF ABDULLA AVLONIY

Аннотация

This article analyzes the reflection of educational values and moral issues in the works of Abdulla Avloniy, a prominent figure in the history of Uzbek enlightenment. In his works such as “Turkiy Guliston yoki Axloq” (“Turkic Garden or Ethics”), “Birinchi Muallim” (“The First Teacher”), and “Ikkinchi Muallim” (“The Second Teacher”), Avloniy promotes values such as knowledge, morality, patriotism, unity, and diligence. His ethical and educational views serve as an invaluable source for teaching national and educational values to students. Today, the relevance of Avloniy’s legacy is growing stronger, and his pedagogical heritage is widely applied in modern education systems, especially in primary education. Keywords:enlightenment, education, pedagogical heritage, national values, moral upbringing, Uzbek literature, teaching, ethics, youth education, family and society, spirituality, ethical principles, education, moral values inliterature, morality, culture. Introduction: Today, the relevance of Abdulla Avloniy’s works is increasing. His pedagogical heritage is actively used in modern education systems, particularly in primary education. The ideas expressed in his works play a significant role in nurturing a spiritually mature, patriotic, and educated generation. Every nation has its own spiritual identity, and the development of our national spirituality is greatly influenced by historical and scientific works that artistically reflect the essence of our cultural heritage. In this regard, the textbooks created by the famous Uzbek writer Abdulla Avloniy—“Adabiyot yoxud Milliy She’rlar” (“Literature or National Poems”) in four parts, “Birinchi Muallim”, “Turkiy Guliston yoxud Axloq”, “Ikkinchi Muallim”, and “Maktab Gulistoni”—are considered outstanding works. The comprehensive and ideologically rich content of these works, and the scientifically grounded views oneducation and upbringing, confirm theirenduring value. Among Avloniy's educational and moral works, “Turkiy Guliston yoki Axloq” holds great importance as a guide to ethics and educational values. This book discusses morality and knowledge as tools to encourage goodness and discourage wrongdoing. The Jadid enlightenment movement that emerged in the 19th century was a public educational movement. The term “Jadid” derives from Arabic, meaning “new.” The main idea of the Jadid movement was to enlighten the people to liberate them from colonial oppression through knowledge. Notable representatives of this movement include Abdulla Avloniy, Munavvarqori Abdurashidkhanov, Isoqxon Ibrat, Sadriddin Ainiy, Abdurauf Fitrat, and others. A prominent Jadidist and the first Uzbek pedagogue, Abdulla Avloniy, defined education with the following statement: "In short, for us, education is a matter of life or death, salvation or destruction, happiness or misfortune." This shows how highly the Jadidists valued education. Even today, education remains a pressing issue. Among the Jadid intellectuals, Abdulla page731 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue05,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai Avloniy gave special importance to moral upbringing throughout his career. In his works, he emphasized the need to focus not only on knowledge but also on moral development. His book “Turkiy Guliston yoki Axloq” is entirely dedicated to the subject of moral education. Avloniy understood the concept of upbringing in a broad sense. He did not limit it to just ethics; he also associated it with loyalty to the homeland and respect for one's people, emphasizing that these are also core elements of moral upbringing. Abdulla Avloniy’s contribution to the fields of education and morality remains invaluable to this day. His enlightened views and comprehensive approach to both academic and moral education continue to serve as a guiding light for teachers and educators. His works not only encouraged learning but also promoted the development of moral character, patriotism, and national identity. Today, integrating Avloniy's ideas into the modern educational system, particularly in primary education, plays a vital role in shaping a spiritually rich, ethically responsible, and culturally aware younger generation. His pedagogical legacy is an enduring treasure that deserves continued studyand application. Abdulla Avloniy holds a prominent place in the history of Uzbek enlightenment as a writer, educator, and public figure who placed great emphasis on issues of upbringing and morality. In his views, the key factor that leads a person to perfection is a well-rounded education. In particular, heanalyzes child upbringing in fouressential directions: 1. Temporal upbringing (upbringing in accordance withthe times) 2. Physical upbringing 3. Intellectual upbringing 4. Moral upbringing According to Avloniy, sound thinking and noble morals develop not only through knowledge and enlightenme