EFFECTIVE METHODS FOR DEVELOPING INDEPENDENT THINKING SKILLS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Аннотация

Independent thinking in the early years of schooling is a powerful predictor of later academic resilience and lifelong learning capacity. The present study analyses classroom practices that demonstrably foster pupils’ ability to generate, justify and refine their own ideas without excessive teacher direction. Drawing on recent empirical studies conducted in Europe and Asia as well as an exploratory intervention carried out by the authors in three Uzbek primary schools, we identify the pedagogical conditions and methodological solutions that most consistently nurture self-directed cognitive behaviour. The findings show that a balanced combination of dialogic inquiry, metacognitive scaffolding, and reflective feedback produces significant gains in pupils’ originality, argumentative coherence, and strategic problem-solving. These results offer practical implications for curriculum planners seeking to embed independent-thinking objectives in national standards and for teachers designing daily learning experiences that move beyond rote reproduction. Keywords: independent thinking, self-directed learning, primary education, dialogic inquiry, metacognition.